諾貝爾獎知多少

段藍宇

Nobel Literature Prize

諾貝爾文學獎

The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has， in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel， produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. The Swedish Academy（瑞典文學院） decides who， if anyone， will receive the prize in any given year.

根據創立者的遺囑，諾貝爾文學獎授予最近一年來“在文學方面創作出具有理想傾向的最佳作品的人”。瑞典文學院決定將該獎授予誰。

Nobel Peace Prize

諾貝爾和平獎

According to Nobel’s will， the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who “... shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity（友愛） between nations， for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses”.

諾貝爾和平獎是獎給為促進民族團結友好、取消或裁減常備軍隊以及為和平會議的組織和宣傳盡到最大努力或做出最大貢獻的人。

Nobel Physics Prize

諾貝爾物理學獎

This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious（杰出的、重大的） award that a scientist can receive in physics.

諾貝爾物理學獎是獎給在物理界有最重大的發現或發明的人，它由瑞典皇家科學院頒發。

Nobel Chemistry Prize

諾貝爾化學獎

This award is regarded as the mest prestigiows arward that a scientist can receive in chemistry. The award is presented in Stockholm（斯德哥爾摩） at an annual ceremony on December 10， the anniversary of Nobel’s death.

諾貝爾化學獎是獎給在化學上有最重大的發現或改進的人。該獎項在斯德哥爾摩每年的12月10日——諾貝爾的逝世紀念日頒發。

Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

諾貝爾生理或醫學獎

This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field.

諾貝爾生理或醫學獎是獎給在醫學和生理學界有最重大的發現的人。

Nobel Economics Prize

諾貝爾經濟學獎

Sveriges Riks bank（瑞典銀行） celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1968 by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation. The following year， the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for the first time.

諾貝爾經濟學獎是由瑞典銀行在1968年為紀念諾貝爾而增設的。第二年，它第一次作為經濟學領域里的諾貝爾紀念獎被授予。