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三種鯻科魚類同工酶組織特異性及群體遺傳結構分析

2015-10-20 23:57張健東何國清陳剛

張健東 何國清 陳剛 等

摘要采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板不連續電泳法對3種鯻科魚類6種組織(腦、眼、心、腎、肝和肌肉)的9種同工酶(ADH,EST,GDH,LDH,MDH,ME,POD,SDH,SOD)進行分析,結果顯示具有明顯組織特異性.此外,對每種魚40個個體的肝臟的8種同工酶進行群體遺傳結構分析,共記錄15個基因位點,其中呈多態性的位點有 2個(mPod1,sSod1),多態座位比例(P)為0.133,位點平均有效等位基因數(Ae)分別為1.004,0.997和1.015,平均每個位點預期雜合度(He)值分別為0.068,0.066和0.045,平均每個位點實際雜合度(Ho)值分別為0.098,0.083和008.與其他魚類研究結果相比較,表明3種鯻科魚類的遺傳多樣性居于中等水平.

關鍵詞鯻科魚類;同工酶;組織特異性;遺傳結構

中圖分類號S917.4文獻標識碼A文章編號10002537(2015)05002708

The TissueSpecificities of Isozymes and the Genetic

Structure in Three Species of Theraponidae

ZHANG Jiandong1,2*, HE Guoqing1, CHEN Gang1,2, TANG Baogui1,2,

PAN Chuanhao1,2, ZHOU Hui1,2, Huang Jiansheng1,2

(1.Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Aquaculture in South

China Sea for Aquatic Economic Animal, Regular High Education Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524025, China)

AbstractHorizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the tissuespecificities of isozymes and the genetic structure of Theraponidae. 9 isozymes (ADH, EST, GDH, LDH, MDH, ME, POD, SDH and SOD) in 6 kinds of tissues (brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver and muscle) of three Theraponidae species were screened and the results showed that the screened isozymes displayed remarkable tissuespecificities. Besides, 8 enzymes from liver tissues in 40 individuals were selected for the genetic analysis. The 8 isozymes systems were encoded by 15 loci, and 2 (mPod1 and sSod1) of them were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 0.133. The average effective numbers of alleles (Ae) were 1.004(at T.jarbua),0.997 (at T.theraps) and1.015(at P.quadrilineatus), respectively. The mean expected heterozygosities per locus (He) were 0.068, 0.066 and 0.045. The mean actual heterozygosities per locus (Ho) were 0.098,0.083 and 0.08, respectively. This result indicated that there was a middle level of genetic variation in Theraponidae.

Key wordsTheraponidae; Isozyme; tissue specificity; genetic structure

鯻科魚類(Theraponidae) 屬硬骨魚綱(Osteichthyes),鱸形目(Perciformes),鱸亞目(Percoidei),為熱帶區沿岸性魚類,主要分布于印度西太平洋地區及澳洲、新幾內亞、印尼等沿岸海域[1].常見種類有細鱗鯻(Therapon jarbua)、鯻(Terapon theraps)、列牙鯻(Pelates quadrilineatus)和尖吻鯻(Rhynchopelate oxyrhynchus)4種,在中國發現了4屬8種[24],鯻科魚類肉質鮮美香滑,經濟價值高,有很大的市場開發潛力[56].

同工酶在生物界廣泛存在,變異豐富,且呈共顯性遺傳,能比較客觀地代表基因組的變異,因而能較客觀地度量群體的遺傳變異大小,且實驗條件較為簡單,成本較低,結果快速可靠等優點,該技術已成為一種經濟有效的群體遺傳學研究手段,是近20年來檢測遺傳多樣性研究最普遍的方法[710].本實驗研究了3種鯻科魚類部分同工酶的組織特異性并探討其群體生化遺傳結構,以期為該物種的種質調查提供有價值的生化遺傳參數,同時也為種質資源的合理開發利用和遺傳育種等提供部分理論依據.

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