重慶與匈牙利佩斯州：旅游之都，友誠之城

□ 文/何琴

重慶與匈牙利佩斯州：旅游之都，友誠之城

□ 文/何琴

城市簡介

匈牙利，位于歐洲內陸中部，以特有的風景聞名于世。其建筑壯美、溫泉遍布、氣候四季分明，獨特的自然景觀和人文景觀使匈牙利成為旅游大國。截至2012年6月，中國赴匈牙利旅游人數增長迅速，增幅達37.8%，匈牙利已成為中國游客赴歐旅游新興目的地。

匈牙利是世界十大旅游國之一，也是歐洲的申根國家之一。歐盟“申根國家體系”規定，游客僅需取得一個申根國家的簽證，在允許的時限內即可在歐盟其他“申根國家”短期停留而無需重新辦理簽證。簽證范圍包括旅游、探親、留學、商務等。

佩斯州是匈牙利中部的一個州，其首府為布達佩斯。佩斯州是第七個與重慶建立友好市州關系的歐洲州府。匈牙利駐重慶總領事館是重慶目前唯一具有因私自主辦理簽證權的歐洲國家領事機構。重慶市與佩斯州在區位優勢、產業機構諸多方面有相似之處，經濟發展有很強的互補性，締結為友好市州關系，促進了雙方在經貿、文化、科技、教育等領域的交流與合作，有利于提升重慶的國際知名度和推動內陸開放高地建設。

外事知識

簽證外交

簽證是一國出入境管理機構（例如移民局或其駐外使領館）對外國公民表示批準入境所簽發的一種文件。簽證外交是指在一個主權國家的主權機關通過發放和拒發簽證來影響另一國的政策的外交行為。簽證外交在歐洲展現了地緣政治塑造的功能，在美國體現為簽證制裁，在中國體現了國家力量及情懷。

簽證外交的發展，可以推動簽證便利化。當前，在“一帶一路”帶動下，中國和眾多國家的合作將不斷加深。盡快打通“一帶一路”的經絡，解決國家間“不聯不通，聯而不通，通而不暢”的問題，是形勢發展的必然需求。伴隨著簽證便利化的不斷推進，未來將有越來越多的中國公民和企業“走出去”，也會有越來越多的外國公民和企業被“引進來”。

旅游外交

外交是指政府間的外交行為和過程，其目的在于通過和平的方式來宣傳外交政策和實現外交目標。旅游外交是指基于國與國之間的游客互動而產生的一種外交行為，目的是通過國家間游客的往來、保護本國游客在他國的合法權益及推動國際旅游產業的發展，進而增強國家間人民的相互了解和交流，最終為實現世界的和平發展做出貢獻。

旅游外交登上國際舞臺的前提是旅游產業的大發展。旅游國際交流將直接帶動金融、貿易、交通、等多個經濟領域發展。旅游外交不僅有服務國家整體外交的一面，還有其自身的獨立性。在雙邊關系良好時，旅游交往可以成為發展國家關系的加速器；在雙邊關系不暢時，旅游交往可以成為改善國家關系的潤滑劑；在雙邊尚無正式外交關系時，可以先行開展旅游交往，使民眾交往成為國家關系正?；膶Ш狡?。旅游與外交的融合發展，有利于打造多渠道、多向度的傳播模式，有利于向世界立體式地描繪中國形象。

外事案列

匈牙利駐重慶總領館開館

2010年2月4日，匈牙利共和國駐重慶總領事館開館儀式在重慶萬豪酒店舉行。匈牙利共和國外交部部長鮑拉日·彼得與重慶市委副書記張軒共同為領事館揭牌。匈牙利之所以選擇在重慶設館，是因為對重慶的經濟發展有著強烈興趣，相信重慶未來有許多潛在的機遇。

自中匈建交以來，兩國在各個領域不斷發展友好關系，尤其是經貿方面的交流合作持續加強。匈牙利駐重慶總領事館領區范圍覆蓋重慶、四川、云南、貴州、陜西、甘肅等整個西部地區。該領事館成為了重慶及中國西部與匈牙利乃至整個歐盟溝通的橋梁。

匈牙利屬于申根國家，因此游客只需在重慶辦理好匈牙利頒發的申根簽證，就可到奧地利、比利時、丹麥、芬蘭、法國、德國、冰島、意大利等其他申根國家旅游，而無需再申請其他申根國家的簽證。匈牙利在重慶總領事館開館，增加了重慶與匈牙利佩斯州的聯系，也增強了中國與匈牙利的友好關系，進而拉近了中國與歐洲各國的距離。

重慶市與匈牙利加強旅游交流與合作

近期，重慶市旅游局與匈牙利駐渝總領館就旅游客源互送和旅游項目開發進行了深入探討，2015年雙方將從以下五個方面加強交流與合作：

一是以雙方溫泉資源特色為載體，互送客源，互利合作。

二是加強兩地旅行社合作，爭取更多的匈牙利本地游客來渝旅游。

三是市旅游局定期與重慶駐外領事機構開展體驗重慶旅游活動，做好計劃，形成制度。

四是市旅游局向匈牙利提供重慶溫泉等方面的投資項目，并組織重慶企業赴匈牙利考察投資，雙方合作加強旅游設施建設，開發更多的旅游產品。

五是雙方加強文化交流，以川外“重慶國際交流與合作研究中心”為依托，加強重慶與匈牙利間關于教育、導游、語言、文化、培訓方面的合作研究，盡快召開一次重慶與匈牙利國際交流與合作會議，研討雙邊旅游合作與發展。

重慶市旅游局與匈牙利駐渝總領館的這一舉措，正是出于對旅游外交的深入理解與實踐，做出的符合雙方利益的決定。這五個方面的交流與合作，將促進重慶與匈牙利旅游業的發展，鞏固重慶與佩斯州的友好市州關系。

延伸閱讀

雙城寫意在重慶召開溫泉詩歌酒會

2012年12月14日，重慶布達佩斯世界溫泉之都雙城記寫意—溫泉詩歌文化酒會在重慶融匯溫泉城舉辦。匈牙利共和國駐重慶總領事館總領事海博、重慶市旅游局副局長秦定波、柬埔寨王國駐重慶總領事館、丹麥王國駐重慶領事館代表、重慶文化藝術界等知名人士出席了酒會。

酒會在優雅的音樂中開始，以“詩歌攝影”為主題，通過一幅幅精美生動的攝影作品，讓現場觀眾了解了重慶和布達佩斯的溫泉文化、兩地美食、人文建筑等。

來自匈牙利布達佩斯及重慶的著名詩人和藝術家現場朗誦了溫泉主題詩歌。匈牙利共和國駐重慶總領事海博說，重慶獲得全球首個“世界溫泉之都”桂冠，匈牙利也被譽為浮在“溫泉?！鄙系膰?，布達佩斯更是世界著名的“溫泉之都”；在重慶舉辦此次酒會，有著非常特殊的意義。

重慶和布達佩斯這兩個溫泉之都的交流，推進了雙方旅游事業發展，使更多中國游客對布達佩斯有了進一步了解，也有助于讓更多匈牙利游客走進重慶、認識重慶，便于兩地旅游業的發展。

● 作者為四川外國語大學國際關系學院碩士研究生

Introduction of Hungary Pest Megye

Hungary, located in the middle of the continent of Europe, which is famous for its unique landscape. It has spectacular buildings, hot springs around and four-season climate; it has becoming a big tourism country for its unique natural and cultural landscapes. By June 2012, the number of Chinese tourists to Hungary had grown rapidly, and it had an increase of 37.8%. Hungary has becoming a new tourism destination for Chinese tourists.

Hungary is one of the world's ten largest tourism countries, but also one of the Schengen countries of Europe. EU's "Schengen states system" provides that visitors may have shortterm stays during the allowed time to the rest of the EU Schengen countries as long as they obtain a visa of the Schengen countries, without the need to re-apply for new visas. Visas include tourism, visiting relatives, overseas study, and business and so forth.

Pest is a state in central Hungary, and its capital is Budapest. Pest megye is the seventh state capital of Europe to establish friendly relations with the city of Chongqing. Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing is so far the only European consular in Chongqing that has the rights for private visas. Chongqing and Pest megye have many similarities in location advantage and industrial organizations, and one’s economic development is strongly complementary to the others. The establishment of sister city relations of the two sides promoted exchanges and cooperation in the fields of economy and trade, culture, science and technology, education and other, which was conducive to the improvement of Chongqing's international reputation and promote the construction of inland open highland.

Knowledge of Foreign Affairs

Visa Diplomacy

Visa is a document issued by a country’s immigration authority (such as immigrations or the embassies and consulates) to foreign citizens approving their entry. Visa diplomacy means that the sovereign authority of a sovereign state influences other country's diplomatic policies through the issuance and denial of issuing visas. Visa diplomacy demonstrates the shaping function of geopolitical in Europe, reflects visa sanctions in the US, and shows the state power and feelings in China.

The development of visa diplomacy can promote visa facilitation. Currently, driven by “One Belt One Road", cooperation between China and many countries will continue to deepen. It is the inevitable requirement of the development of the situation to open up the meridians of "One Belt One Road" as soon as possible, and solve the problem that "not linked and not navigable, linked but not navigable, navigable but not smooth". With the continuous progress of visa facilitation, in the future, there will be more and more Chinese citizens and enterprises "going out", and more and more foreign citizens and companies will be "brought in."

Tourism Diplomacy

Diplomacy refers to intergovernmental diplomatic behavior and process, which aims to achieve the government’s foreign policy and diplomatic goals through peaceful means. Tourism diplomacy refers to a diplomatic behavior based on the interaction between visitors among countries, with the aim of enhancing people’s mutual understandings and exchanges between countries, and ultimately to contribute to world peace and development through tourists exchanges, and protect tourists’legitimate rights in other country and further to promote the development of the international tourism industry.

The great development of the tourism industry is the premise fo tourism diplomacy going on the international stage. International tourism exchanges will directly contribute to the development of many economic sectors such as transportation, trade finance. Tourism diplomacy has the function to service a country's overal foreign diplomacy, it also has its own independence. When the bilatera relations are good, tourism exchanges can become an accelerator for the development of state relations; when bilateral relations are not smooth tourism exchanges can become the lubricant to improve relations; when there are no formal bilateral diplomatic relations, countries can carry ou tourism exchanges first, which makes it possible that people’s exchanges can become the navigator for the normalization of state relations. The integration development of tourism and diplomacy is conducive to build a multi channel, multi-dimension transmission mode, which is also conducive to draw multi-dimensional picture of the image o China to the world.

Cases

The Opening of Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing

On February 4, 2010, the opening ceremony of Consulate General of the Republic of Hungary in Chongqing was held at Marriott Hotel in Chongqing. Baraz Peter, the Hungarian Republic Foreign Minister and Zhang Xuan, Deputy Secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee jointly inaugurated the Consulate General. Hungary chose to set up consulate in Chongqing because of its strong interest in the economic development of Chongqing, believing that Chongqing would have many potential opportunities in the future.

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Hungary, the two countries developed friendly relations in various fi elds all the time, especially the exchanges and cooperation in economy and trade had continuous strengthening. Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing covered the entire western region of China. The Consulate has becoming a bridge between Chongqing and even the west o China and Hungary and even all the European Union.

Hungary belongs to the Schengen countries. In Chongqing, as long as get the visa issued by Hungary visitors can go to Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, FranceGermany, Iceland, Italy and other Schengen countries to travel, and without the need to apply for other country's visas. The opening of the Consulate increased the connections between Chongqing and Hungary, but also enhanced the friendships between China and Hungary, and shortened the distance between China and European countries.

Chongqing and Hungary Strengthening Tourism Exchanges and Cooperation

Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau and Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing had in-depth study on tourists’ transmissions and the development of tourism projects; in 2015 the two parties would strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the following fi ve aspects.

First, the two sides would see hot spring resources characteristics as the carrier, and send tourists to the other, having mutual benefi cial cooperation.

Second, the two sides would strengthen cooperation between travel agencies of the two countries, to get more Hungary tourists travel in Chongqing.

Third, Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau and Chongqing consular agencies regularly carry out the activities of experience Chongqing tourism; they should make good planning and form system.

Fourth, Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau would provide Hungary with Chongqing hot springs and other investment projects, and organize Chongqing enterprises to inspect and invest in Hungary. The two sides would cooperate to strengthen the construction of tourism facilities, and develop more tourism products.

The fifth is both sides would strengthen cultural exchanges, relying on SISU "Chongqing International Exchange and Cooperative Research Centre”, strengthen cooperation and research between Chongqing and Hungary on education, tour guide, language, culture, training, and convene a conference on the international exchanges and cooperation between Chongqing and Hungary as soon as possible to discuss bilateral tourism cooperation and development.

These measures were out of a deep understanding and practice of tourism diplomacy, and in accordance with the interests of both sides. These five aspects of exchanges and cooperation will promote the tourism development of Chongqing and Hungary, consolidate their sister city relationship.

Further Reading

Two Cities Hold A Hot Spring Poetry Reception in Chongqing

On December 14, 2012, Chongqing Budapest hot springs poetry culture reception was held in Chongqing Ronghui hot spring city. Hajba Tamás, the general consul of Consulate General of Hungary in Chongqing, and Qin Dingbo, the deputy director of Chongqing Municipal Tourism Bureau, and the representatives of Consulate General of the Kingdom of Cambodia in Chongqing, the Kingdom of Denmark Consulate in Chongqing, famous people in culture and arts sectors and other celebrities in Chongqing attended the reception.

At 7:30 pm, the reception began in the elegant music, the theme was "poetry photography", through beautiful and vivid photographs, the audiences understood the hot springs, the foods, cultural architecture, etc. in Chongqing and Budapest.

Famous poets and artists from Budapest and Chongqing read hot spring theme poems. Hajba Tamás said that Chongqing gets the world's fi rst "world hot spring capital" title, Hungary is also known as a country floating on "hot spring sea", and Budapest is the world famous "hot spring capital" ; the reception held in Chongqing has a very special meaning.

The exchanges of Chongqing and Budapest- the two hot spring capitals promoted the development of both sides of the tourism industry, so that more Chinese tourists had a further understanding of Budapest, but also help to make more Hungarian tourists come into Chongqing, to develop the tourism industry of the two sides.

● By post-graduate student of School of International Relations, Sichuan International Studies University

Chongqing and Hungary Pest Megye: Capitals of Tourism, Cities of Friendship

□ Written by He Qin