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高考新題型概要寫作初探

2019-06-24 10:49金仙仙
世界家苑 2019年5期
關鍵詞:段落意圖要點

金仙仙

1 內容選擇

選擇的文章來自于《普通高等學校招生全國統一考試英語科考試說明(高考綜合改革試驗省份試用)(第一版)》上第24頁的概要寫作樣本。

1.1 教材分析

這篇文章是一篇說明文,講述的是不同時期人們對于dirt到底有益身體還是有害身體的不同看法。即:in the early 16th century, ever since 18th century, 和nowadays, 人們對dirt的一個態度變化。文章屬于總分的結構。

1.2 學情分析

學生不知道如何去精準地抓要點。學生在課前概要練習中,通過習作可以看出大部分同學都是照搬原文中每一段的main idea,而沒有將其轉換成自己的語言。

1.3 教學目標

(1) 能夠有意識地通過分析文章框架抓要點

(2)在抓要點的時候關注轉折性的詞,如however, but等;知道在概括要點時,如何處理多個例子文段;明白主題句并不等同于要點。

(3)初步知道用同義詞,詞性轉換的方法改寫句子。

2 教學過程設計

Step1 Lead in

T:It seems we come across the difficulty in how to get the main points and changing them into our own words. Todays lesson, we mainly focus on these two aspects.

【設計意圖】:學生概要寫作后,帶領學生再次解讀概要寫作的評分標準。針對學生的主要問題,引出這堂課的教學目標。

Step2:How to get the main ideas

Task1:Comparison

Q1:Whats the topic of this passage?

Para1:

①Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.

② However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

Tip1:

【設計意圖】:很多學生潛意識里覺得主題句都是文章第一句。針對學生的錯誤,讓學生在課堂中再思考,對學生進行技巧點撥, 讓學生關注文本中轉折性的詞, 如however, but, yet, though, although, even though, in spite of, despite…, 讓學生感悟 轉折性詞語從而確定文章的topic.

Q2:Whats the writing logic of the passage?

A. Place B. Time C. Cause and Effect

Q3:Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要點) C:Conclusion

【設計意圖】:向學生滲透,在概要寫作中,通過思考文章的寫作邏輯,繪制思維導圖,可以讓學生更快速,更好地把握文章框架,從而不易漏掉要點。從而得出文章要點的整體框架。

Task3:How to deal with details

Para2:In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.

【設計意圖】:很多同學在概要寫作時,as后面的句子到底屬于要點還是細節分不清楚。通過再次解讀這部分,讓學生意識到第三個技巧:Cut out the details:all the details that explain the main ideas can be left out.

Task4:Thinking:Does the following sentences have the same or different meanings?

Para3:

①Student A:Dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18th century.

② Student B:Cleaning away dirt is good to health.

【設計意圖】:這兩個句子意思差不多,都可以作為第三段的主題句。讓學生知道,一個段落中有時候幾個句子同時都可以作為主題句。

Task5:Does topic sentence equals to main point?

Ss:“Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.”

【設計意圖】:該篇概要寫作材料第四段比較特殊,它的第一句是該段主題句,但僅僅寫這句作為該段的要點是不夠準確的,因為我們無法從這句話得出現在人們對待dirt的態度。設計這個問題主要讓學生去感知不能將段落的主題句等同于段落要點。

Task6:Is it a good summary? Tell your reasons..

There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.(I) In the 16th century, People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, including some Kings in Europe.(P1) However, Since the 18th century, dirt has not been regarded as a nice neighbor. (P2)But nowadays, some scientists encourage children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. (P3)

【設計意圖】:這篇概要好的方面在于已經使用了語句間的連接詞,同時它已經涵蓋了所有要點,而不足在于違背了評分標準里的“完全使用自己的語言”這條。

Step3 Rewrite the main points

Task1:Rewrite:① There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.

同義替換

詞性轉換

句型轉換

Task2:Group Work:Have a try

Rewrite:② In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.

【設計意圖】:通過小組討論,改寫句子,學生呈現,學生互評,教師點評等手段,強化學生認識同義詞轉換法在概要寫作中的作用。

Task3:Polish your summary

【設計意圖】:讓學生根據本課概要寫作的方法,對自己課前練習寫過的這篇概要進行修訂,潤色。

Homework:Summary Writing:

Read the passage in your work sheet and write a summary of about 60 words for it, using what we have learned in this class.

(作者單位:浙江省永嘉中學)

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