古南街歷史街區保護改造之張家老宅改造更新，宜興，中國

古南街東依蜀山，西臨蠡河，曾是丁蜀鎮水上通道的進出端口，也是紫砂文化的發源地。根據旅游策劃和城市設計，南入口節點是古南街的“街口”。

張家老宅位于古南街口三面闊房屋的最南一間，呈小面寬大進深的狹長狀，東側是上蜀山的小道，具有開闊的景觀視野和良好的建筑展示面。建筑新的功能定位為以紫砂文化交流和展示為主、兼具茶室的公共建筑。改造設計保留古南街的入口供展廳使用，增加了東院墻上的新入口，避免了不同功能流線的干擾。建筑沿街界面的處理考慮到與相鄰開間的相似性和連續性，僅對門窗洞口的尺寸及開窗樣式進行推敲。山墻南端結合展示功能拆除局部磚墻，展露內部木屋架，與玻璃、鋼框形成和諧對比。

改造設計始終關注既有建筑的結構安全性與保溫隔熱、自然通風等性能化提升，這也始終貫穿于整個古南街建筑的改造更新過程?！?/p>

項目信息/Credits and Data

設計團隊/Design Team: 王建國，李家翔，穆保崗，吳雁等/WANG Jianguo, LI Jiaxiang, MU Baogang, WU Yan, et al.

建筑面積/Floor Area: 85.5 m2

設計時間/Design Time: 2015

竣工時間/Completion Time: 2017

攝影/Photos: 許昊皓/XU Haohao

1 古南街整體鳥瞰/Overall aerial view

2 南入口/South entrance

With the Shushan Hill to the east and the Lihe River to the west, Gunanjie Street used to be the main port of the waterway in Dingshu, and also the birthplace of Zisha culture. According to the tourism planning and urban design, the south entrance node is the street opening of Gunanjie Street.

The old Zhang family house is the southernmost of the three-bay houses at the entrance to Gunanjie Street, and is a long and narrow space with small width and large depth, connected to a trail to Shushan Hill on the east side. The house has a grand view and a dominant architectural fa?ade, and its new function is a public building for Zisha cultural exchanges and exhibitions, as well as a tea room.The renovation design retains the entrance along Gunanjie Street, adds a new entrance to the east wall of the courtyard, avoiding interference with different functional flows. The design considered the continuity with the adjacent houses, the building's fa?ade facing the street only adopted deliberate changes in the size of the door and window.Combined with the display function, the brick gable wall was partly removed at the south end, and the internal timber roof truss was exposed, forming a harmonious contrast with the glass and steel frames.

The renovation design always pays attention to the existing buildings' structural safety and performance improvement such as heat preservation and natural ventilation throughout the renewal process of the entire Gunanjie Street. □

3 首層平面/Ground floor plan4 二層平面/First floor plan

5 剖面/Section

評論

黃居正：江南的名鎮、古鎮不少，雖同處吳地水鄉，卻因漫長的歷史積淀，形成了各具特色的聚落形態和文化特征，所謂“出門三五里，各地一鄉風”。然而，幾十年中國經濟的快速發展，使古鎮之間原本微妙的文化差異被迅速抹平，并為崇尚“速食”的消費主義所蕩滌，消逝在急功近利的旅游開發大潮之中。2020年8月，當我第一次來宜興丁蜀鎮時，感受到古老的陶都依然流淌著鮮活的傳統，反倒是有些詫為意外。王建國院士主持的古南街城市設計與保護更新，從改善基礎設施和原住民生活品質著手，采用漸進式、適應性改造的策略，活態保存了古南街的物質空間和原住民的生活樣態，突破了以犧牲原住民利益的破壞式觀光開發與凍結式保存導致歷史斷裂所帶來的兩難困境，堪稱當今小城鎮建筑遺產保護與再利用的典范之作。在長達20年的古南街保護實踐中，王建國院士團隊恪守科學的保護理念，不僅為原住民的自發營建制定出可操作的風貌評價和實施導則，而且開發出了“聯體–共生”等修復性保護技術，有效地應對木結構體系因朽壞而導致連片倒塌的難題。在 1號地塊張家老宅的改造中，該項技術得到了切實的應用和驗證。此外，由于張家老宅地處古南街南端，背倚蜀山，南臨入口廣場，為古南街一處關鍵的節點空間，因此，在維持沿街南立面舊有風貌的前提下，通過改善屋頂、墻體保溫隔熱的物理性能，打開東向的實墻面，為功能重置后的室內空間提供了良好的景觀視野和生活舒適性；同時，消減南北兩進的建筑體量，獲得了一個尺度適宜的院落空間，從而大大提升了室內外空間的品質。張家老宅的改建，為漸進實施中的古南街整體保護策略和方法提供了一個頗具示范意義的樣板。

7 張家老宅南立面/South fa?ade of Zhang's House

Comments

HUANG Juzheng: There are many famous and ancient towns in Jiangnan area. Although they all encompassing rich water systems, they have formed their own unique settlement patterns and cultural characteristics due to long historical accumulation. As the old saying goes, different customs exist between closed regions. However, with the rapid development of the Chinese economy in recent decades, the subtle cultural differences between ancient towns have been quickly wiped out, and under the influence of the"fast food" consumerism, they have disappeared in the tide of tourism development in pursuit of rapid profits. Therefore, when I came to Dingshu, Yixing for the first time in August last year, and felt that this ancient "pottery city" still had a lively tradition, I was very surprised. The urban design, protection and renewal of Gunan Street led by Mr. WANG, starting from improving infrastructure and the quality of life of the aborigines, using a gradual and adaptive strategy,the physical space of Gunan Street and the life style of the aborigines are preserved alive, and changed the dilemma between the destructive tourism development at the expense of the interests of the indigenous people and the historical rupture caused by frozen preservation. It can be called a model of the protection and reuse of the architectural heritage of small towns in present. In the protection practice of Gunan Street for two decades, WANG's team has strictly adhered to the scientific protection concept. The working group has not only formulated operational style evaluation and implementation guidelines for indigenous people's spontaneous construction, in addition, repairing protection technologies such as "conjoined-symbiosis"have been developed, effectively deal with the problem of continuous collapse of wood structure system due to decay. In the renovation of Zhang's old house in Plot1,this technology has been practically applied and verified.Besides, Zhang's old house is located at the southern end of Gunan Street, backed by Shu Mountain, and adjacent to the entrance square to the south. It is a key space in Gunan Street. Therefore, under the premise of maintaining the old style of the south fa?ade along the street, by improving the physical properties of roof and wall thermal insulation, the east wall was opened,providing a good view of the landscape and living comfort for the indoor space after the function has been reset. At the same time, the volume of the north-south building was reduced, and a courtyard space of suitable scale was obtained, which greatly improved the quality of indoor and outdoor spaces. The reconstruction of Zhang's old house provides a model of strategy and method for the implementation of the overall protection of Gunan Street.

8 張家老宅東側上山通道/Access to the hill on the east side of Zhang's House

9 張家老宅內院/Courtyard of Zhang's House

10 張家老宅二層視景/View from the first floor of Zhang's House

11 張家老宅二層內景/Interior view on the first floor of Zhang's House