Screening and Evaluation of Different Wheat Cultivars for Resistance to Sitobion avenae at Seedling and Adult-plant Stages

Xinlun LIU,Changyou WANG,Yajuan WANG,Hong ZHANG,Wanquan JI

State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100, China

Screening and Evaluation of Different Wheat Cultivars for Resistance to Sitobion avenae at Seedling and Adult-plant Stages

Xinlun LIU,Changyou WANG,Yajuan WANG,Hong ZHANG,Wanquan JI*

State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100, China

In order to clarify the relationships between seedling and adult-plant resistance to English grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Fabricius),94 wheat cultivars were screened and evaluated based on aphid number ratio through artificial inoculation in greenhouse and natural infection in field from 2010 to 2012.The results indicated that 43 wheat cultivars were resistant to aphid at different levels,of which two displayed high resistance,eight moderate resistance and 33 low resistance at adultplant stage.Meanwhile,45 wheat cultivars exhibited aphid resistance at seedling stage,including 5 highly-resistant cultivars,16 moderately-resistant cultivars and 24 low-resistant cultivars.Thirty wheat cultivars showed resistance to aphids to different degrees at both seedling and adult-plant stages,accounting for 31.91%of all tested wheat cultivars,especially that C273 and Lanmai(Shaanxi Zhashui)showed high aphid resistance.Aphid number ratio of wheat cultivars at seedling stage had an extremely significant positive correlation with that at adult-plant stage.Additionally, 66 wheat cultivars exhibited the same resistance to aphids at both seedling and adult-plant stages,accounting for 70.21%of all cultivars.The study demonstrated that inoculation test at seedling stage in greenhouse is a reliable method for identifying wheat resistance to S.avenae.

Sitobion avenae;Wheat;Resistance identification

English grain aphid(Sitobion avenae),a major pest of wheat production all over the world[1-2],seriously affects wheat yield and quality by absorbing plant juice,excreting honeydew,secreting toxin,spreading disease and so on[3-4].Long-term use of insecticide to control aphids not only pollutes environment,but also improves aphid’s drug resistance[5].In recent years,due to different climate conditions and farming systems, wheat ear aphids,especially S.avenae(Fabricius),occurred seriously in the wheat producing regions in Huang-Huai-Hai areas and most northern regions of China,which restricted the output and quality improvement of wheat in China[6-9].A good cultivar with strong resistance to aphids is the most economical and effective way to control wheat aphids. Intercropping of aphid-resistant and conventionalnon-resistant cultivars can significantly reduce aphids at full incidence period and throughout the whole growth period[10-11].It also is beneficial to protect environment and natural enemies,without additional investment and facilities,which conforms to sustainable development.So, screening and application ofnew aphid-resistant wheat gene resources will provide theoretical value and practical significance for the control of aphid pests.

Screening and identifying new aphid-resistant resources play a vital role in the study of aphid resistance of wheat.Many technologies and stan-dards have already been used to screen and identify the aphid resistance of wheat at home and abroad, such as aphid number ratio,aphid index,fuzzy evaluation,aphid life table parameters, electrical penetration graph (EPG)and the loss of 1 000-grain weight[12-17].The aphid number ratio,aphid index and fuzzy evaluation method which are widely used all depend on the ratio of average aphid number per plant(or stem)of one cultivar(or line)to average aphid number per plant(or stem)of all tested cultivars(or lines),but they are different in grading standard of aphid resistance. Field and greenhouse are two main places for conducting test to identify wheat resistance to aphids[12,15,18-19]. The optimum period for identifying aphid resistance is filling stage when aphid infection can cause most loss to wheat.Based on the fact that field tests are easily affected by natural enemies and meteorological factors,field test for one sample should be repeated in 2 years according to “Rules for Resistance Evaluation of Wheat to Diseases and Insect Pests Part 7: Rule forResistance Evaluation of Wheat to Aphids”[20-21],which is timeconsuming.On the contrary,aphid-resistance identification in greenhouse costs much less time and is not affected by phenological factors.In general, a rapid and accurate method for the identification of wheat resistance to aphids is especially important in the breeding of aphid-resistant cultivars.

In this study,seedling resistance in greenhouse and adult-plant resistance in field of tetraploid wheat cultivarsandcommonwheatcultivars were identified based on aphid number ratio with an attempt to screen aphidresistant wheat resources,reveal the correlation of adult-plant resistance and seedling resistance,and to provide theoretical basis for the identification of wheat resistance to aphids.

Materials and Methods

Materials

Among the 94 tested materials provided by the College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University and Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,one material (Zhong 4 Wumang)was a partial amphiloid of Triticum aestivum-Thinopyrum intermedium;31 materials were tetraploid wheat cultivars, among which one came from Beijing,26 from Shaanxi,and the other four from India, Poland and other countries;62 materials were hexaploid wheat cultivars, among which 37 materials were obtained from Shaanxi,Shanxi,Shandong,Jiangsu and other provinces/ cities,11 materials were local cultivars of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Xinjiang provinces,and 14 materials came from Italy,Australia,Switzerland and Mexico,etc.

Methods

Identification of wheat resistance to aphidDuring 2010-2012,wheat adult-plant resistance to aphid was identified via natural infection in experimental field at the College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi Province.By referring to“Rules for Resistance Evaluation of Wheat to Diseases and Insect Pests Part 7:Rule for Resistance Evaluation of Wheat to Aphids”,every wheat cultivar was planted in two rows(1 m long each),spacing 0.24 m to each other. Every 10 materials were surrounded by the control cultivar Xiaoyan 6 which was highly susceptible to S.avenae. Under regular field management,one of the three repetitions for theses wheat cultivars was arranged in normal sequence,and the other two repetitions were randomly arranged.To avoid the infection of other wheat aphids,such as greenbug(Schizaphis gramium)and oat birdcherry aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.),insect-proof screens were built before grain booting stage[12].Meanwhile,all the tested materials were disinfected to avoid diseases and insect pests.Two weeks later,namely at grain booting stage, the collected naturalpopulation of aphids was inoculated to protecting rows.Aphid number was measured at full incidence period of aphids(wheat milk stage)by referring to the field investigation of aphids proposed by Liu et al.[12].All the results were recorded and analyzed.Wheat seedling resistance to aphids was identified in through artificial inoculation of aphids in greenhouse.In detail,20 seeds of each material were sown in pots,cultivated at 20-22℃and 16 h of supplemental light[220 μmol/(s·m2)]using metal halide lamps every day.Three repetitions were set for each material. Five nymphs were inoculated to every three-leaf seedling of wheat,and then every seedling was covered by a net. The aphid number of every single plant was counted for the first time one week later and once again 3 d later.

Evaluation of aphid resistance

The ratio of the maximum average aphid number per plant of one material among three repetitions to the average aphid number per plant of all materials was calculated to define wheat resistance to aphid.According to Painter’s[22]grading standard,wheat cultivars with the ratio of 0 were immune to aphid;those with the ratio from 0.01 to 0.30 were highly resistant (HR)to aphids;those with the ratio from 0.31 to 0.60 were moderately resistant(MR)to aphids;those with the ratio from 0.61 to 0.90 were lowly resistant(LR)to aphids;those with the ratio from 0.91 to 1.20 were lowly susceptible (LS)to aphids;those with the ratio from1.20 to 1.50 was moderately susceptible(MS)to aphids;and those with the ratio higher than 1.50 was highly susceptible(HS)to aphids.

Data analysis

SPSS16.0 was adopted for variance analysis with one-way ANOVA, multiple comparison with Tukey’s posthoc test and correlation analysis (bivariate correlations).

Results and Analysis

Adult-plant resistance to aphids identified through natural infection in field

As shown in Table 2,all the 94 wheat cultivars were non-immune to aphids,of which 43 cultivars showed resistance at adult-plant stage in all the three years,accounting for 45.74% of all tested materials.Among the 43 aphid-resistant wheat cultivars,only C273 and Lanmai(Zhashui)were highly resistant to aphids,and their aphid number ratios were 0.26 and 0.28 respectively.Eight materials were moderately resistant to aphids,they wereYumai (Xunyang1),Yumai (Xunyang2),Yumai (Xunyang 3), Bailanmai(Xunyang),Yumai(Baihe), Huhanshan (Shanyang),Mazhamai and PI294994,with aphid number ra-tios of 0.40,0.55,0.53,0.50,0.44, 0.60,0.44 and 0.54 respectively.Six foreign materials,Atlas 66,Langdon, PI(high),PI37739,PI262260,RI-107, 18 Shaanxi tetraploid materials including Yumai(Ankang),Lanmai(Shiquan),Laolanmai (Shanyang),etc, eight domestic materials Hongmanghong(Yu 324),Liying 5,Liying 6, Mingxian 169,Nongda 198,Xiaobaidongmai,Shaan 167 and Yanda 1817,and a partialamphidiploid Zhong 4 Wumang exhibited low resistance to aphids.Nineteen materials were low susceptible to aphids,including four tetraploid wheat cultivars,and five foreign hexaploid wheat cultivars. Twenty materials were moderately resistant to aphids,including five tetraploid wheat cultivars(three domestic materials and two foreign materials).Twelve materials showed high Susceptibility to aphids,including two tetraploid cultivars.

Table 1 Information of the wheat cultivars tested in this study

Table 2 Wheat cultivars with stable resistance to S.avenae at adult-plant and seedling stages

Seedling resistance to aphids identified through natural infection in greenhouse

The results showed that 45 materials were resistant to aphids at seedling stage,accounting for 47.87% ofthe 94 cultivars.Among them, C273, PI137739, Yumai(Baihe), Aifanmai (Xixiang) and Lanmai (Zhashui)showed high resistance to aphids 7 and 10 d after artificial inoculation,and their aphid number ratios were 0.29,0.25,0.19,0.17 and 0.13 respectively(Table 2).Sixteen materials showed moderate resistance,including four foreign wheat cultivars (Langdon,Sigeassons,Lovrin 10 and WW),seven Shaanxi local wheat cultivars like Lanmai(Ankang),Lanmai (Shiquan),Yumai(Xunyang 2)and Yumai(Danfeng)and five common cultivars such as Qianjinzao,Shannong NB2(2)-12 and Yanda1817.In addition,24 cultivars showed low re-sistance to aphids,including 6 foreign cultivars (Atlass 66,P720,Lovrin 36, PI262260,PI294994 and RI-15),10 Shaanxi cultivars Lanmai(Ningshaan), Laolanmai(Luonan),Foshoumai(Luonan)and Huhanshan(Shanyang), etc.,8 domestic common cultivars Hongmanghong (Yu 324),Liying 6, Mazhamai,Minxian 169,Shaannong N82(2)-12,Weidong 8,Yan 7578-128 and Xiaobaidongmai. Twenty-two materials were low susceptible to aphids,including one domestic tetraploid wheat cultivar,eight domestic tetraploid wheat cultivars and one foreign common cultivar.Nine materials were moderately susceptible to aphids,of which two materials were tetraploid wheatcultivars.Eighteen cultivars were highly susceptible to aphids,including one foreign tetraploid cultivar and four domestic tetraploid cultivars.

Table 3 The effect of different survey time on the aphid number ratio of wheat cultivars

Table 4 Correlation coefficient of the aphid number ratio of wheat cultivars between adultplant and seedling stages

Comparison ofaphid resistance between seedling stage in the greenhouse and adult plant stage in the field

As could be seen from Table 2,30 cultivars were resistant to aphid at both seedling and adult plant stages, accounting for 31.91%of all tested materials.Among them,C273 and Lanmai(Zhashui)were highly resistant to aphids.Thirty-six cultivars were susceptible to aphids at both seedling and adultplantstages,accounting for 38.30%of the tested materials.Aphidresistant cultivars had significant difference with aphid-susceptible cultivars in aphid numberratio.The seedling resistance and adult-plant resistance of 66 cultivars were basically consistent,accounting for 70.21%of all tested materials.

Multiple comparisons revealed that the aphid number ratio of wheat at seedling stage in greenhouse and adult-plant stage in field was close, with slight difference.No obvious difference of aphid number ratio at different time of seedling stage,or at adult plant stage in different years was observed,indicating that the wheat cultivars had stable resistance to aphids and the experimental results were repeatable(Table 3).

According to correlation analysis, the seedling resistance to aphids in greenhouse shared an extremely significant positive correlation with adultplant resistance in field.The correlation coefficient of aphid number ratio at both stages was 0.359.Hence,we could forecast the aphid resistance at adult-plant stage just depending on that at seedling stage(Table 4).

Discussion

The interaction among plants, diseases and pests is a complexity biological process.The aphid resistance of wheat is determined by genetic characteristics,but also affected by wheat cultivars,growth period,as well as the feed consumption,reproductive capacity,toxicant transmitting ability of aphids and so on.On the basis of“Rules for Resistance Evaluation of Wheat to Diseases and Insect Pests Part 7:Rule for Resistance Evaluation of Wheat to Aphids”(Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China)[21],only wheat cultivars with stable aphid resistance can be used as the control;in addition,all the samples should be tested repeatedly for two years,and the result with lower aphid resistance is finally considered if inconsistentresults are obtained in these two years.In the present study, the aphid resistance of 94 wheat materials was detected through artificial inoculation in greenhouse and natural infection in field for three years.As a result,45 and 43 cultivars showed resistance to aphid at seedling and adult-plant stages respectively.While, the majority of aphid-resistant cultivars were tetraploids,or native cultivars with poor agronomic traits,which restricted the extensive use of aphid-resistant gene,but also demonstrated abundant aphid-resistant genes in na-tive cultivars.

Wheat aphid resistance has been identified previously by various methods,such as aphid number ratio[12], aphid index[13],fuzzy evaluation[14], aphid life table parameters[15],electrical penetration graph(EPG)[16],the loss of 1 000-grain weight[17],and all of them have their advantages and disadvantages.This study was conducted to demonstrate whether wheat seedling resistance to aphids was consistent with adult-plant resistance.Duan et al.[23]assessed the seedling and adultplant resistance of 25 wheat cultivars to aphids based on aphid index,and found that their resistance to aphids was basically consistent between seedling and adult-plant stages.The study of Li et al.[24]showed the positive correlation of aphid number between seedling and blooming stages.In this study,aphid number ratio was used as the index to evaluate the resistance of 94 cultivars,and the results revealed that the seedling resistance and adultplant resistance of 66 cultivars were basically consistent,accounting for 70.21%of all tested materials.We also proved that the seedling resistance to aphids in greenhouse shared an extremely significant positive correlation with adult-plant resistance in field, which was consistent with the studies of Duan et al.[23]and Li et al[24].All these results supported that,aphid resistance identification through artificial inoculation at seedling stage in greenhouse was reliable,which not only reduces the effects of climate environment,but also shortens the identification process and saves manpower and physical materials.

We proved that C273 and Lanmai (Shaanxi Zhashui)were highly resistant to aphids,which well agreed with Liu etal.[12].Moreover,PI37739, PI262260,PI294994,Hongmanghong (Yu 324),Liying 6,Xiaobaidongmai, Yanda 1817 and Zhong 4 Wumang were all resistant to aphids at adultplant stage,which was consistent with previous researches[23,25].Poland 305, Linfen 5064,Jinshuang 16,Jimai 26, Shaanyou 225 and Xiaoyan 6 were susceptible to aphids,which well agreed with the studies of Liu et al.[12,23,26-27].However,the identification of some wheat cultivars for aphid resistance showed differentresults with previous studies.For example, our results indicated that Lovrin 10, Jinmai 31,Linyuan 207 and Weidong 8,etc.were susceptible to aphids at adult-plant stage,which was contrary to the results of Li et al[17,23,25-26,28].In addition,Jinmai 31 and Linyuan 207 which breederswere interested in showed different results.According to Painter’s[22]grading standard and aphid number at full aphid incidence period,it was suggested that Jinmai 31 was moderately resistant to aphids in Shanxi in 2007[25],but highly susceptible (with aphid number ratio of 1.65) in Shandong in 2007.However,our studies indicated that it was low susceptible to aphids at adult-plant stage in field,and highly susceptible at seedling stage in greenhouse.In 1989[26]and 2006[23],Linyuan 207 was identified as high-resistance germplasm,but,in 1999,Shi and Zhen’s study indicated that it was low resistant to aphids.In 2011,Qiu et al.[30]regarded it as high-susceptible cultivar.In our study,it was low susceptible to aphids at adult-plant stage in field,moderately susceptible at seedling stage in greenhouse.The different results of resistance identificatioin of one cultivar may be caused by genetic diversity and climate environment[31-32].Zhou et al.[14]investigated the aphid resistance of 200 wheat cultivars in three places of wheat producing areas for two years,ultimately,demonstrated that the aphid resistance varied in different areas or years despite using same material and identification methods.

[1]ZENG J(曾娟).Analysis of the wheat principle pests’occurrence traits in China in 2012 and forecasting suggestions (我國2012年小麥重大病蟲害發生特點和預測預報建議)[J].Plant Protection(植物保護),2013,39(60):78-85.

[2]THACKRAY DJ,DIGGLE A J,JONES RAC.BYDV Predictor:a simulation model to predict aphid arrival,epidemics of Barley yellow dwarf virus and yield losses in wheat crops in a Mediterranean-type environment[J].Plant Pathology,2009,58:186-202.

[3]YANG YZ(楊益眾),YIN Y(印毅),WANG H(王紅),et al.Influence of honey on the wheat yield and nutritive qualities(蜂蜜模擬麥蚜蜜露危害對小麥產量和主要營養品質的影響)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中國農學通報),2005, 21(1):268-271,305.

[4]BASKY Z,FONAGY A.The effect of aphid infection and cultivar on the protein content governing baking quality of wheat flour[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2007,87(13): 2488-2494.

[5]YU YS(余月書),XUE S(薛珊),WANG F (王芳),et al.Pest resurgence induced by pesticides(農藥誘導害蟲再猖獗的研究)[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology (昆蟲知識),2008,45(1):15-20.

[6]CAO YZ(曹雅忠),YI J(尹姣),LI KB(李克斌),et al.Exploration of the factors causing the outbreak of wheat aphids and the control strategies(小麥蚜蟲不斷猖獗原因及控制對策的探討)[J].Plant Protection(植物保護),2006,32(5):72-75.

[7]HUO ZG(霍治國),LI MS(李茂松), WANG L(王麗),et al.Impacts of climate warming on crop diseases and pests in China(氣候變暖對中國農作物病蟲害的影響)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中國農業科學),201,45(10):1926-1934.

[8]SHI GY(師桂英),SAHNG XW(尚勛武), WANG HJ(王化俊),et al.Responses of flour quality and dough rheological properties to S.avenue F.inoculated in spring wheat(麥長管蚜(Sitobion avenae F.)(危害對春小麥面粉品質性狀及面團流變學特性的影響)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica(作物學報),2009,35(12): 2273-2279.

[9]WANG MF(王美芳),YANG HM(楊會民),LIU JQ(劉進前),et al.Effects of aphid damage on wheat yield and quality in Yellow and Huai valleys winter wheat region(黃淮冬麥區小麥品種抗蚜性鑒定及蚜蟲對小麥產量和品質的影響)[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences(河南農業科學),2010,(4):16-20.

[10]DOGIMONT C,BENDAHMANE A, CHOVELON V,et al.Host plant resistance to aphids in cultivated crops:genetic and molecular bases,and interactions with aphid populations[J]. Comptes Rendus Biologies,2010,333 (6-7):566-573.

[11]ZHOU HB(周海波),CHEN JL(陳巨蓮), LIU Y(劉勇),et al.Ecological regulation on S.avenae by genetic diversity of wheat cultivars(小麥品種多樣性對麥長管蚜的生態調控作用)[J].Plant Phytophylacica Sinica(植物保護學報), 2009,36(2):151-156.

[12]LIU XL(劉新倫),WANG YJ(王亞娟), SANG LQ(桑利群),et al.Relationships between morphological characters of wheat germplasm and their resistance to S.avena(F.)(小麥種質資源的抗蚜性及其與表型性狀的關系)[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops(麥類作物學報), 2006,26(6):24-28.

[13]XIA YL(夏云龍),YANG QH(楊奇華), XIAO H(蕭紅).Correlation betweenthe characters of wheat maize and S. avenae(冬小麥形態特征與抗麥長管蚜的關系研究)[J].Plant Phytophylacica Sinica(植物保護學報),1991,18(10): 5-10.

[14]ZHOU HB,CHEN JL,CHENG DF,et al.Evaluation on the resistance to aphids of wheat germplasm resources in China.African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(63):13930-13935.

[15]GUO X(郭蕭),LI KB(李克斌),YI J(尹姣),et al.Effect of wheat cultivars on population parameters of M.avenae (F.)(不同小麥品種(系)對麥長管蚜生命參數的影響)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中國農業科學),2010,43(10): 2056-2063.

[16]HU XH(胡想順),ZHAO HY(趙惠燕), HU ZQ(胡祖慶),et al.EPG comparative of feeding behaviors of S.avanae on three wheat cultivars(麥長管蚜在3個小麥品種上取食行為的EPG比較) [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中國農業科學),2008,41(70):1989-1994.

[17]SHI ZL(史忠良),ZHENG WY(鄭王義). A study on field selecting technique of wheat(冬小麥抗蚜品種田間篩選技術研究 cultivars for resistance to wheat aphid(冬小麥抗蚜品種田間篩選技術研究)[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(華北農學報),1999,14(1):98-101.

[18]HAVLíCˇKOVáH.Unvernalized seedlings in screening of cereal aphid preferences for winter wheat cultivars[J]. Journal of Applied Entomology,1988, 106:432-436.

[19]HU XS(胡想順),LIU X(劉小鳳),HU Z(胡祖慶),et al.Resistance of ten wheat cultivars to S.avenae atwheat seedling stage(10個小麥品種 (材料)對麥長管蚜的室內苗期抗蚜性)[J]. Plant Protection(植物保護),2011,37 (5):81-85.

[20]WANG B(王冰),LI KB(李克斌),YI J(尹姣),et al.Effects of simulated wind and rain on the natural population dynamics of M.avenae(模擬風雨對麥長管蚜自然種群發展的干擾作用)[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Entomology(應用昆蟲學報),2009,29(8):4317-4324.

[21]Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China(中華人民共和國農業部).NY/T1443.7-2007 Rules for Resistance Evaluation of Wheat to Diseases and Insect Pests Part 7: Rule forResistance Evaluation of Wheat to Aphids(NY/T 1443.7-2007小麥抗病蟲性評價技術規范-第7部分:小麥抗蚜蟲評價技術規范)[S]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press(北京:中國農業出版社),2007.

[22]PAINTER RH.Resistance of plants to insects[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1958,3:267-290.

[23]DUAN CX(段燦星),WANG XM(王曉鳴),ZHU ZD(朱振東).Screening and evaluation of wheat germplasm for resistance to the aphid(S.avenae)(小麥種質對麥長管蚜的抗性鑒定與評價) [J].JournalofPlantGenetic Resources(植物遺傳資源學報),2006,7 (3):297-300.

[24]LI XQ(李賢慶),GUO XR(郭線茹),LI KB(李克斌),et al.Resistance of wheat cultivars(lines)to S.miscanthi(Takahashi)(Aphidoidea:Aaphididae)(不同小麥品種 (系)對麥長管蚜的抗性)[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica(昆蟲學報), 2006,49(6):963-968.

[25]QU HX(屈會選),DANG JY(黨建友), CHEN MF(程麥風),et al.Resistance identification of wheat germplasm resources to M.avenae(小麥種質資源對麥長管蚜抗性的鑒定)[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(華北農學報), 2004,19(40):102-104.

[26]ZHENGWY(鄭王義),XIERC(謝瑞材), WANG DS(王東升),et al.Primary study on the aphid resistance of new wheat cultivars(lines)(冬麥新品種(系)抗蚜性的初步研究)[J].Crop Resources(作物品種資源),1989,(30): 30-31.

[27]GAO CS(高崇省).Identification of wheat aphid resistance in the field(小麥品種抗蚜性田間鑒別)[J].Science and Technology of Tianjin Agriculture and Forestry(天津農林科技),1995,(2): 8-9.

[28]LI SJ(李素娟),ZHANG ZY(張志勇), WANG XY(王興運),et al.The fuzzy recognition technique of aphid resistance of wheat cultivars(lines)(用模糊識別技術鑒定小麥品種 (系)抗蚜性研究)[J].Plant Protection(植物保護), 1998,24(5):15-16.

[29]ZHAO JJ(趙玖華),SAHNG YF(尚佑芬),WANG SJ(王升吉),et al.Identification of multi-resistance of 152 wheat cultivars(strains)in Huang Huai region (152個黃淮地區小麥主要品種 (系)的多抗性鑒定)[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops(麥類作物學報),2007,27(6): 1123-1127.

[30]QIU SY(仇松英),ZHANG SN(張松令), SHI ZL(史忠良),et al.Genetic diversity analysis of aphid resistant wheat cultivars by simple sequence reeated (SSR)markers(小麥抗蚜品種的遺傳多樣性SSR標記分析)[J].Chinese Countryside Well-Off Technology(農學學報),2011,(4):5-10.

[31]CAI FH(蔡鳳環),ZHAO HY(趙惠燕). Genetic polymorphism in natural populations of M.avnae(麥長管蚜自然群體的遺傳變異研究)[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(Natural Science Edition)(西北農林科技大學學報:自然科學版),2004,32(2):21-24.

[32]XU ZH,CHEN JL,CHENG DF,et al. Discovery ofEnglish grain aphid (Hemiptera:Aphididae)biotypes in China[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2011,104(3):1080-1086.

Responsible editor:Qingqing YIN

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

不同小麥品種資源苗期和成株期麥長管蚜抗性鑒定和分析

劉新倫，王長有，王亞娟，張宏，吉萬全*
（西北農林科技大學農學院,旱區作物逆境生物學國家重點實驗室,陜西楊凌 712100）

為了明確小麥苗期與成株期麥長管蚜抗性的關系，2010-2012年采用蚜量比值法對94個小麥品種進行了溫室苗期人工接種和田間成株期自然感蚜麥長管蚜抗性鑒定。結果表明，43個品種連續3年在成株期對麥長管蚜表現不同程度的抗性，其中高抗品種2個，中抗品種8個，低抗品種33個；45個品種在苗期對麥長管蚜表現不同程度的抗性，其中高抗品種5個，中抗品種16個，低抗品種24個；30個品種在苗期和成株期同時表現抗蚜，占供試品種的31.91%，其中C273和蘭麥（陜西柞水）在苗期和成株期均表現為高抗；小麥品種在溫室苗期人工接種和田間成株期自然感蚜的蚜量比值呈極顯著正相關，苗期和成株期麥長管蚜抗性表現一致的共有66個品種，占供試材料的70.21%。研究表明溫室苗期人工接種鑒定小麥麥長管蚜抗性的方法是可靠的，是快速鑒定小麥品種麥長管蚜抗性的有效方法。

麥長管蚜;小麥;抗性鑒定

小麥種質資源發掘與創新利用（2013BAD01B02-6）;國 家自 然 科 學 基 金（30900897);美國唐仲英基金會。

劉新倫（1976-），女，湖南長沙人，博士，助理研究員，從事小麥遺傳育種方面研究，E-mail：liuxxlun@126.com。*通訊作者，E-mail：jiwanquan2003@126.com。

2015-06-03

修回日期 2015-07-31

Supported by the Exploration and Innovation and Utilization of Wheat Germplasm Resource (2013BAD01B02-6);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30900897);the Cyrus Tang Foundation of America.

*Corresponding author.E-mail:jiwanquan2003@126.com

Received:June 3,2015 Accepted:July 31,2015