卷首語

卷首語

自2001年俄羅斯率先提交外大陸架劃界案以來，截至2016年6月30日，大陸架界限委員會共收到81個劃界案，完成審議并通過委員會建議的有24個。方銀霞等學者介紹了全球外大陸架劃界案的提交情況、委員會對劃界案的處理模式及審議時重點關注的問題，并分析了當前外大陸架劃界實踐的特點與未來發展趨勢。文章建議，應加大相關科學技術和法理問題研究，及時總結大陸架制度理論與實踐的最新發展，以為我國今后外大陸架劃界和積極應對侵害我國海洋權益的他國劃界主張提供參考和借鑒。

地球上大部分的海洋都位于特定國家和地區的海岸或邊界之外，各國有必要也有法定義務來制定國家管轄范圍以外海域的管理方式和方法。在此背景下，第一屆聯合國籌備委員會會議在紐約召開，討論了旨在保護國家管轄范圍以外海洋生物多樣性的新國際條約的主要內容。尼日利亞學者Theodore Okonkwo在其文章中討論了這一重要進展，并希望在提高公眾對這些問題的意識的同時，填補海域管理中的一些空白。

中日釣魚島爭端中，日方極力撇開《馬關條約》和其取得釣魚島所謂“主權”之間的關聯，并認為釣魚島列嶼的行政編制隸屬琉球，而琉球是日本的領土，所以釣魚島的主權應歸日本。學者劉丹著重對琉球地位問題“去偽”，即通過探究近代琉球（1609-1879）在歷史和國際法上的地位，以及中琉歷史上的海上自然疆界，進一步印證釣魚島屬于中國，為我國釣魚島主權主張提供有力論據。

學術界與實務界對航空器與航空行為的混淆使用，以及國家航空行為的概念研究缺失，使得國家航空行為以及國家航空行為的國際運行的研判標準不明。學者李亞凝通過對既有概念與定義的梳理，厘清了“航空器”與“航空行為”的區別，并在此基礎上，通過分析國家航空器的目的屬性與行為屬性，界定了國家航空行為的概念，并闡明了國家航空行為的國際運行的合法性標準。

水下文化遺產作為研究歷史和人類祖先文明的有力工具，應該得到有力保護?！堵摵蠂Ｑ蠓üs》和《保護水下文化遺產公約》都對水下文化遺產的保護做出了相關規定，后者更是水下文化遺產保護方面的專門法。南海水下藏有豐富的考古文物，但相關保護卻遭到了忽視。在此背景下，泰國學者巫曉發指出了南海水下文化遺產保護所面臨的3個挑戰，并建議南海周邊各國批準《保護水下文化遺產公約》，締結區域協定，并協調各自的國內法。

2016年10月15日，由廈門大學南海研究院與海南省國際文化交流中心、海南省南海政策與法律研究中心聯合主辦的“第四屆南海區域合作論壇暨海峽兩岸在南海的合作研討會”在海南省陵水縣成功舉辦。來自大陸和臺灣高校及科研機構的著名學者以及漁業界的知名業者，圍繞海峽兩岸在南海進行合作的主旨，就南海諸島的史料、南海海域及島嶼法律地位、南海漁業管理、海洋環境保護及南海博弈中的中美日關系以及臺灣的角色等議題進行了深入的討論。作者張琳萍匯總了此次研討會的發言內容。

《中國海洋法學評論》始終秉持大海法的概念，本期一如既往，涉獵面廣，內容豐富，材料翔實。我們誠邀國內外業界人士不斷來搞支持。

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EDITOR’S NOTE

Russia made the frst submission concerning its outer continental shelf to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) in 2001. As of 30 June 2016, the CLCS had received 81 submissions, and had reviewed and released recommendations on 24 of them. After systematically outlining the situation of the submissions that have been, are being, or will be fled by States, the modes that the CLCS adopts to treat submissions, the primary issues that the CLCS examines during its consideration of submissions, FANG Yinxia et al. explore, from both scientifc and legal perspectives, the features of current practice with respect to extended continental shelf delineation, as well as its development tendency. In this connection, the authors suggest that greater ef f orts should be invested in the study of relevant scientifc, technical and legal issues, and the latest developments regarding the theories and practice of the continental shelf regime should be learned and summarized in a timely manner, which could be used for reference by China in the delineation of its extended continental shelf, or when China’s maritime rights and interests are undermined by other States’ claims of continental shelf.

The greater number of the earth’s oceans are situated beyond the seashore or border of particular States and territories. In that case, there is a necessity and legal burden on States to fashion out ways and means of managing the oceans beyond national jurisdiction. Against this backdrop, world governments recently met in New York for the First Session of the United Nations Preparatory Committee to discuss the elements of a new international treaty to protect biodiversity in oceans beyond national jurisdiction. Discussing this momentous process, Theodore Okonkwo from Nigeria hopes to address some of the gaps in the management of the ocean commons and raise public awareness of some critical issues facing ocean commons governance.

In the Sino-Japanese dispute over the Diaoyu Islands, Japan, on the one hand, strives to evade the relations of its acquisition of “sovereignty” over these islands with the Treaty of Shimonoseki; on the other hand, it assumes that the Diaoyu Islands is a part of Ryukyu under its administrative system, and Ryukyuconstitutes a part of Japanese territory, therefore, Japan has the sovereignty of the Diaoyu Islands. LIU Dan attempts to eliminate the misstatements about the status of Ryukyu, by examining the status of pre-modern Ryukyu (1609-1879) in history and international law, and the marine boundaries between China and Ryukyu in history. In doing so, the author further demonstrates that the Diaoyu Islands is an inherent part of China, thereby providing compelling evidences to support China’s claim to the sovereignty of these islands.

Currently, the two concepts, “aircraft” and “aviation behaviors”, are confused and used interchangeably both in the academic and practitioner circles. In addition, studies on the notion of state aviation behavior are few. Therefore, there is no clear standard to identify state aviation behaviors or state aviation behaviors performed in foreign or international airspace. LI Yaning, by collating and examining the existing concepts and defnitions, clarifes the dif f erences between “aircraft” and “aviation behavior.” Further, he defnes the notion of state aviation behavior after reviewing the purpose and behavioral attributes of state aircraft. Lastly, he sorts out the standards which can be applied to decide the legality of state aviation behaviors performed in foreign or international airspace.

Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) is a useful tool for the study of history and our ancestors’ civilization. Because of such importance, UCH should be well protected. UCH protection has been provided in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 and the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (hereinafter“2001 Convention”), which is known as a specific law for protecting UCH. It is predicted that the South China Sea (SCS) may be rich in submerged archaeological objects. However, the protection of UCH in the SCS sometimes seems to be overlooked. Against this backdrop, Yodsapon Nitiruchirot points out three challenges facing UCH protection in the SCS. Considering these challenges, the author suggests that, in order to enhance UCH protection in the SCS, the States bordering the SCS should ratify the 2001 Convention, conclude regional agreements, and harmonize their national laws.

On 15 October 2016, the 4th Forum on Regional Cooperation in the South China Sea - the Symposium on Cross-Strait Cooperation in the South China Sea, was successfully co-hosted by South China Sea Institute of Xiamen University, Hainan International Culture Exchange Center, and Hainan Provincial Research Center for Policy and Law of the South China Sea inLingshui, Hainan. More than 30 people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait attended the symposium. With the purport of cross-Strait cooperation in the SCS in mind, the participants conducted in-depth discussions on the following aspects: historical records and data in respect of the SCS islands, legal status of the SCS waters and islands, fishery management in the SCS, marine environmental protection, the relationship between China, the U.S. and Japan in the SCS game and the role Taiwan plays in this game. Given the signifcance of this symposium, ZHANG Linping wrote a review for it.

Consistently adhering to the concept of “maritime and ocean law”, this Issue is rich in content as always, and the topics are varied with full and accurate data. Experts and practitioners from home and abroad are cordially invited to contribute their papers to our Journal.

COLR Editorial

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