語法學堂 助動詞怎么"助"?
同學們的耳朵對“助動詞”應該很熟悉了吧?但助動詞有哪些?助動詞怎么“助”?能回答這些問題的同學就未必很多了。
首先,除了大家最常見的 “do/does/did”這“三劍客”外,“can/may/must”(它們的全稱其實是“情態助動詞”)、“will/shall”以及它倆的過去式“would/should”等也是助動詞,大家知道么?
接著,我們再來總結一下助動詞的用法,也就是助動詞到底怎么“助”的問題。
“助動詞”的經典用法有三種。
第一,是置于句首,以幫助實義動詞構成疑問句。如:
1. Do you like English?
2. Does Ben like basketball?
3. Did you go to see the film last night?
4. Can you swim (fast)?
5. May I go with you (to Beijing)?
6. Must we leave soon?
7. Will you help me with my English?
8. Shall we meet at the school gate?
第二,是在其后加副詞not,以幫助實義動詞構成否定句。如:
1. You do not like English, do you?
2. Ben does not like football, does he?
3. I did not go to see the film last night.
4. I cannot swim fast.
5. You must not be late.
6. I will not go to Beijing with you.
第三,是在其后接實義動詞,以構成完整的謂語或不同的時態。如
1. I can swim faster than you.
2. You may feel tired when you finish your homework.
3. I must go home now because it is too late.
4. I will go to the USA next year.
5. We shall work harder.
小總結:助動詞之“助”,主要是幫助實義動詞實現“疑問/否定”以及“時態語態”等功能(這里只列出了“will/shall+原形動詞”所構成的一般將來時時態)。這下同學們明白了么?
大彩蛋:不管是肯定句、疑問句還是否定句,只要句子中出現了助動詞,助動詞后的那個主動詞一律要使用(被打回)原形!
(Benson 供稿)