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Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

2020-06-19 08:33
時代英語·初中 2020年2期
關鍵詞:后置通告辨析

重點單詞

1. cheer ?v. ?歡呼;喝彩

cheer up (使) 變得更高興;振奮起來

I wrote that song just to cheer myself up.

我寫那首歌只是為了給自己打氣。

cheer ?n. ?歡呼聲;喝彩聲

2. volunteer ?v. ?義務做;自愿做

n. ?志愿者

volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事

Jack volunteered to carry water.

杰克自愿去運水。

I need one volunteer.

我需要一名志愿者。

3. notice ?n. ?通知;通告;注意

v. ?注意到;意識到

You can put a notice on the newspaper if you want to find an old bike.

如果你想要找一輛舊的自行車,你可以在報紙上登個通告。

notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事 (全過程)

notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事

4. lonely ?adj. ?孤獨的;寂寞的

Sam was very lonely when he first moved to New York.

山姆剛搬到紐約時非常寂寞。

辨析:lonely和alone

(1)lonely ?adj. ?孤獨的;寂寞的。指人孤獨的,寂寞的,強調主觀感受。

(2)alone ?adv. ?獨自地;單獨地。指無人陪伴的客觀事實,不帶感情色彩。

She lives alone and often feels lonely.

她孑然一身,常感到寂寞。

5. several ?pron. ?幾個;數個;一些

Several boys were injured.

有幾個男孩受傷了。

注意:several只能用來修飾可數名詞復數。

6. satisfaction ?n. ?滿足;滿意

He gained satisfaction from his work.

他從工作中得到滿足。

satisfy ?v. ?使……滿意,使……滿足

satisfied ?adj. ?滿意的

be satisfied with... 對……滿意

7. raise ?v. ?募集;征集

raise money 籌集資金

We are raising money for charity.

我們在進行慈善募捐。

raise v. 提起;使升高;提高;提出;養育

raise ones hand 舉手 raise crops 種莊稼

raise ones voice 提高嗓音 raise a question 提出問題

8. repair ?v. ?修理;修補

辨析:repair, mend和fix

(1)repair的對象范圍很廣,從房屋、道路、機器到日常生活必需品,是指使受到一定損失或失靈的東西恢復其形狀或功能。

Who has repaired the broken leg of the table?

誰把桌子的斷腿修好了?

(2)fix指重新“調”物體的結構,把松散的部件固定結實,將分離的物體的各部分裝配起來。

Can you fix the broken chair?

你能修理那把壞了的椅子嗎?

(3)mend是指恢復某物原來的樣子 (包括用針、線來縫補),一般指較小之物。

This shirt is too old to mend.

這件衣服太舊不能補了。

9. imagine ?v. ?想象;設想

用法:imagine + n./imagine (sb) doing sth 想象某物/想象(某人)做某事

I cant imagine life without the children now.

我現在無法想象沒有了孩子們的生活。

I can just imagine him saying that!

我確實能想到他那么說!

10. difficulty ?n. ?困難;難題

She had no difficulty in finding jobs.

她找工作一點也不困難。

difficulty表示抽象意義的“困難”時為不可數名詞;表示具體的“難題、難事”時為可數名詞。

have difficulty (in) doing sth=have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困難

I had no difficulty (in) making myself understood.

我毫不費力地表達了自己的意思。

11. carry ?v. ?拿;提;扛

辨析:bring, take和carry

(1)關于bring與take

bring 和 take 是一對反義詞。bring 表示從別處把某人或物“帶來”或“拿來”,而 take 則指把某人或物“帶走”或“拿走”。

Please take the empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea.

請把這個空杯子拿走,給我拿杯茶來。

(2)關于carry

carry指“攜帶;拿;提;扛;抱”,不具體說明來去的方向。

I never carry much money with me.

我身上從不帶很多錢。

She carried her baby in her arms.

她把嬰兒抱在懷里。

12. excited ?adj. ?激動的;興奮的

He was getting excited just thinking about the trip.

一想到那次旅行他就興奮。

be excited about 對……感到興奮

The kids were excited about the holiday.

孩子們對假期興奮不已。

exciting ?adj. ?令人興奮的;令人激動的;刺激的

The race itself is very exciting.

比賽本身非常刺激。

13. interest ?n. ?興趣;關注

v. ?使感興趣;使關注

Politics doesnt interest him.

政治引不起他的興趣。

show (an) interest in sth

對……表現出興趣

Do your parents show an interest in your friends?

你的父母有興趣了解你的朋友嗎?

重點短語

1. give out 分發;散發

give out sth to sb 分某物給某人

Give out your candies to the classmates.

把你的糖果分給同學們。

2. come up with 想出;提出(主意、計劃、回答等)

We werent able to come up with any new suggestions.

我們提不出任何新建議。

catch up with 趕上;追上

3. try out 參加……選拔;試用

She is going to try out for the basketball team.

她準備參加籃球隊的選拔。

try on 試穿

try to do sth 努力做某事

try doing sth 試圖做某事

4. take after (外貌或行為) 像

He takes after his father in being weak-minded.

他優柔寡斷,像他爸。

look like 只指在外貌上“與……相像”。

活學活用

1. He was exciting about the party.(單句改錯)

A ? ? ? ?B ? ? ? ? C ( )

2. Several ______ (letter) arrived this morning.

3. She couldnt imagine ______ (live) in a place like that.

4. I have d______ working out the math problem.

5. We have to c______ a lot of books in our school bags

every day.

基本語法

動詞不定式

用法:

1. 作主語

為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用it作形式主語,而真正的主語動詞不定式后置。

常用句型:It+be+adj./n.+(for/of sb) to do sth

Its important to learn English well.

學好英語很重要。

2. 作賓語

動詞want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接動詞不定式作賓語。

He decided to leave his hometown.

他決定離開家鄉。

3. 作 (后置) 定語

常用于“have/has+sth+to do”或“enough+名詞+to do”等結構中。

He has nothing to do at home.

他在家沒什么事做。

4. 作賓語補足語

tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,構成tell/ask/want/invite/teach/like/call sb to do sth結構。

注意:動詞不定式作使役動詞和感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to:“一感 (feel),二聽 (listen to, hear),三讓 (let, make, have),四看 (look at, see, watch, notice),半幫助 (help)”。

5. 作狀語

主要用來修飾動詞,表示目的、結果或原因。

He got up at 6 oclock to catch the early bus.

他六點起床去趕早班車。

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