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原發性干燥綜合征患者高遷移率族蛋白B1與輔助性T細胞17/調節性T細胞平衡的關系

2020-04-03 13:33李雪程婷任效瑛
中國醫藥導報 2020年4期

李雪 程婷 任效瑛

[摘要] 目的 探討原發性干燥綜合征(pSS)患者外周血中高遷移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)水平與輔助性T細胞17(Th17)/調節性T細胞(Treg)平衡的關系。 方法 選取2018年5月~2019年5月山西醫科大學第二醫院風濕免疫科初診pSS患者40例為pSS組,同期健康體檢者20名為對照組。采集肘靜脈血,流式細胞儀檢測Th17、Treg細胞個數,計算Th17/Treg比值;流式細胞儀微球捕獲芯片技術檢測血清白細胞介素(IL)-17、IL-6、IL-10水平;酶聯免疫吸附測定法檢測HMGB1、轉化生長因子-β(TGF-β)水平。將上述各指標進行組間比較,并分析HMGB1與上述細胞及相關細胞因子的相關性。 結果 pSS組HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg水平高于對照組,而Treg水平低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。pSS組IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于對照組,而IL-10水平低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。相關性分析表明HMGB1與Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相關(r = 0.738、0.502、0.762、0.578,均P < 0.05),與Treg、IL-10水平呈負相關(r = -0.657、-0.686,均P < 0.05),與TGF-β水平無明顯相關性(P > 0.05)。 結論 pSS患者外周血HMGB1異常高表達,且與健康人相比存在明顯的T細胞免疫異常,提示HMGB1可能通過調節Th17/Treg平衡參與pSS的發生、發展。

[關鍵詞] 原發性干燥綜合征;高遷移率族蛋白B1;輔助性T細胞17;調節性T細胞

[中圖分類號] R593? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)02(a)-0167-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the balance of helper T cell 17 (Th17) /regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sj?觟gren′s syndrome (pSS). Methods Forty patients with pSS in Rheumatology Department of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected as pSS group, and 20 healthy subjects were control group. Elbow venous blood was collected. The number of Th17 and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry, and Th17/Treg ratio was calculated. Cytometric bead array was used to detect serum interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent was used to detect the levels of HMGB1 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Each of the above indicators was compared between two groups, and the correlation between HMGB1 and the expression of various cells and cytokines was analyzed. Results The levels of HMGB1, Th17 and Th17/Treg in pSS group were higher than those in control group, while Treg was lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β in pSS group were higher than those in control group, while IL-10 was lower than that in control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that HMGB1 was positively correlated with Th17, Th17/Treg, IL-17 and IL-6 levels (r = 0.738, 0.502, 0.762, 0.578, all P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the levels of HMGB1 and Treg, IL-10 (r = -0.657, -0.686, all P < 0.05), no significant correlation with TGF-β (P > 0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 in peripheral blood of patients with pSS is abnormally high, and there is obvious T cell immune abnormality compared with healthy people, suggesting that HMGB1 may participate in the development of pSS by regulating Th17/Treg balance.

[Key words] Primary Sj?觟gren′s syndrome; High mobility group protein B1; Helper T cell 17; Regulatory T cells

原發性干燥綜合征(pSS)是一種慢性炎癥性自身免疫疾病,可造成多種器官和系統的損害。我國患病率為0.29%~0.77%。病理上主要表現為受累組織炎癥細胞的浸潤和次級生發中心形成,這些炎癥細胞主要包括T、B淋巴細胞,樹突狀細胞及巨噬細胞等。且越來越多的研究表明,CD4+T細胞亞群中輔助性T細胞(Th17)、調節性T細胞(Treg)的水平異常及比例失衡參與了pSS的發生、發展,且Th17/Treg平衡偏向Th17,發揮促炎作用,加重病情發展[1]。新近發現的細胞因子高遷移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)是一種具有雙重作用的預警素[2],可參與機體中一系列炎性反應的發生、發展。研究報道[3],pSS患者血清中HMGB1水平明顯增高,激活免疫炎性反應,參與其發生、發展。目前pSS發病機制仍不完全清晰,其中細胞免疫學機制是研究的熱點[4]。因此,本研究中通過對pSS患者外周血HMGB1、Th17、Treg及相關細胞因子的檢測結果進行分析,探討HMGB1與Th17/Treg平衡的關系,為pSS機制研究提供參考,且對其治療提供新思想和手段。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2018年5月~2019年5月山西醫科大學第二醫院(以下簡稱“我院”)風濕免疫科門診及住院初診的pSS患者40例作為pSS組,年齡31~79歲,平均(57.30±10.60)歲。納入標準:符合2002年修訂的干燥綜合征國際診斷(分類)標準[5],同意本課題研究。排除標準:pSS以外的其他自身免疫疾病或試驗前接受激素或免疫抑制劑治療。此外,選擇同期我院體檢中心檢查的健康體檢者20名作為對照組,年齡23~49歲,平均(36.80±7.82)歲。兩組年齡比較差異無統計學意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。符合標準:未患自身免疫疾病、腫瘤、血液系統疾病等。本研究經我院醫學倫理委員會批準,并取得受試對象的知情同意。

1.2 檢測方法

抽取受試對象肘靜脈血4 mL,離心取血清置于 -20℃冰箱保存(離心半徑210 mm,3000 r/min離心5 min)。采用FACSCalibur流式細胞儀(Becton Dickinson公司,美國)檢測Th17、Treg細胞個數,并計算Th17/Treg比值;流式細胞儀微球捕獲芯片技術(CBA)檢測血清白細胞介素(IL)-17、IL-6、IL-10水平,細胞因子標準品、CBA分析試劑盒及三色微球均購自美國BD公司,通過Cell Quest軟件獲取樣本數據,運用BD CBA軟件分析實驗結果;采用酶聯免疫吸附測定法檢測HMGB1、轉化生長因子-β(TGF-β)水平,相關檢測試劑盒均購自上海信帆生物科技有限公司,具體操作按照試劑盒說明書進行。將上述各指標進行組間比較,并分析HMGB1與上述細胞及相關細胞因子的相關性。CBA試劑盒:20190501;HMGB1:20190505361;TGF-β:20190506339。

1.3 統計學方法

采用SPSS 20.0統計學軟件分析實驗數據,計量資料以均數±標準差(x±s)表示,采用獨立樣本t檢驗,相關性采用Pearson相關分析。以P < 0.05為差異有統計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 兩組HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg水平比較

pSS組HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg水平高于對照組,Treg水平低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表1。

2.2 兩組IL-17、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β水平比較

pSS組IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于對照組,IL-10水平低于對照組,差異有統計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。

2.3 HMGB1與各指標相關性分析結果

HMGB1與Th17、Th17/Treg及其相關細胞因子IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相關(r = 0.738、0.502、0.762、0.578,均P < 0.05),HMGB1與Treg、IL-10水平呈負相關(r = -0.657、-0.686,均P < 0.05),HMGB1與TGF-β水平無明顯相關性(P > 0.05)。

3 討論

pSS是一種T細胞介導、B細胞功能亢進所致的自身免疫疾病。目前pSS發病機制不是完全清晰,近年來CD4+T細胞亞群中Th17與CD4+CD25(hi)FoxP3+T細胞(Treg)備受人們關注[6-9]。Th17細胞在抗原刺激后能特異性分泌細胞因子IL-17,其可在TGF-β、IL-6同時存在時,由幼稚T細胞通過表達維甲酸相關孤獨核受體-γt(ROR-γt)特異性轉錄因子分化而來[10]。Treg細胞通過分泌抑制性細胞因子IL-10、TGF-β抑制表達IL-17,發揮負向免疫調節作用。既往報道顯示免疫組化法測pSS鼠模型及患者病理組織IL-17及IL-23表達均上調,且鼠模型中表達上調與ROR-γt基因表達增高有相關性[11],另外pSS患者唇腺中缺乏Treg細胞[12],外周血Treg細胞數量明顯低于對照組[13]。HMGB1是HMG蛋白中唯一可釋放至胞外發揮細胞因子活性、參與炎性反應的分子[14]。當機體遭受感染等時HMGB1與受體結合激活一系列通路,誘導趨化因子和炎性細胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等發揮促炎作用。因此探討HMGB1與Th17/Treg平衡的關系,可以更好地了解pSS發病機制,為后續治療提供新思路。

本研究比較了pSS組與對照組HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β水平,發現pSS組HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于對照組,Treg、IL-10低于對照組。提示pSS患者外周血HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg及其相關細胞因子與對照組相比發生了顯著變化。IL-17作為Th17細胞分泌的代表性因子,對T細胞活化起協同刺激作用[15]。在pSS患者體內Th17及相關促炎因子的過度表達,Treg細胞及相關抑制性細胞因子IL-10低表達,均提示pSS患者體內發生了Th17/Treg失衡,平衡偏向Th17細胞。本研究中患者體內TGF-β水平高于健康人,與之前報道相同[16-17]。TGF-β是一種雙向性的細胞因子,有促炎作用,又具有抑炎活性[18]。TCR刺激原始CD4+T細胞時,TGF-β可單獨誘導表達FoxP3和ROR-γt。當有前炎性細胞因子如IL-6或IL-21,TGF-β誘導FoxP3表達減弱而ROR-γt上調,抑制Treg細胞分化并促進Th17細胞分化。在缺乏炎癥時,FoxP3表達上調抑制了ROR-γt活性,導致IL-17消除,促進Treg細胞分化,維持免疫耐受[19]。本研究中HMGB1與Th17、Th17/Treg及IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相關,與Treg、IL-10水平呈負相關,與TGF-β無明顯相關性。進一步提示HMGB1參與pSS患者Th17/Treg平衡的調節。HMGB1能夠刺激誘導樹突狀細胞、單核細胞分泌促炎因子,使Th17細胞及相關因子水平隨著HMGB1的增加而增加,這些細胞因子可通過STAT3信號通路削弱FoxP3對ROR-γt的抑制作用并下調FoxP3的表達,與TGF-β協同促使初始T細胞向Th17細胞分化并誘導Treg向分泌IL-17的表型轉化從而調節Th17/Treg平衡[20],使Treg細胞及相關因子水平隨著HMGB1的增加而減少,而血清TGF-β水平升高。HMGB1使Th17/Treg平衡被打破,從而直接參與機體的免疫炎性反應。

pSS患者外周血HMGB1異常高表達,Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平升高,Treg、IL-10水平降低以及HMGB1與各指標相關性分析,均提示HMGB1可能通過調節Th17/Treg平衡參與pSS的發生、發展。本研究不足之處在于樣本量較少,具體機制尚有待多中心、大樣本量的臨床研究進行明確。

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(收稿日期:2019-07-11? 本文編輯:李亞聰)

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