?

氮雜環丙烷[3+2]環加成反應研究進展

2015-11-24 07:53任鴻胡寶祥
浙江化工 2015年1期
關鍵詞:芳基雜環?;?/a>

任鴻,胡寶祥

(浙江工業大學化學工程學院,浙江杭州310014)

氮雜環丙烷[3+2]環加成反應研究進展

任鴻,胡寶祥

(浙江工業大學化學工程學院,浙江杭州310014)

介紹了最近幾年在不同催化體系下,氮雜環丙烷與含雙鍵化合物的[3+2]環加成反應研究進展。

氮雜環丙烷;[3+2]環加成;綜述

氮雜環丙烷是一類含氮原子的三元雜環化合物,由于該三元環的張力極高,導致其具有較強的反應活性,因而在有機合成中,基于氮雜環丙烷開環反應的應用非常廣泛[1]。

如式1所示,氮雜環丙烷在加熱或光輻射等條件下,易發生C-C鍵的斷裂,將環打開,形成亞甲胺內钅翁鹽,然后參與1,3-偶極環加成反應,生成含氮五元雜環。另一方面,在路易斯酸作用下,氮雜環丙烷則發生C-N鍵的斷裂,與烯烴、炔烴、醛、腈類和聯烯等含重鍵的化合物發生[3+2]環加成反應,生成另一種構型的含氮五元雜環[2]。

式1氮雜環丙烷參與的[3+2]開環加成反應

1 氮雜環丙烷與烯烴類化合物的反應

Yadav等人[3]報導了Sc(OTf)3可以作為路易斯酸催化N-對甲苯磺?;蓟s環丙烷得到1,3-二偶極體。當與環烯醚反應時,可以得到相應的吡咯烷,并且具有較高的收率和區域選擇性(式2)。

式2 Sc(OTf)3催化氮雜環丙烷與烯烴的反應

2011年,Aggarwal等人[4]報導了應用于合成紅藻氨酸的具有手性中心的吡咯烷類化合物的手性合成,如式3。

式3鈀催化氮雜環丙烷的環加成反應

2 氮雜環丙烷與炔烴類化合物的反應

在與炔烴的[3+2]反應中,許多路易斯酸都能催化該反應的進行[5]。一系列的芳基炔烴(式4)都能在FeCl3催化下與芳基氮雜環丙烷反應,得到官能團化的吡咯類化合物。

式4 FeCl3催化氮雜環丙烷與炔烴的反應

3 氮雜環丙烷與腈類化合物的反應

N-對甲苯磺?;s環丙烷與腈類化合物的[3+2]環合反應通常涉及到C-N鍵的斷裂。在對這類反應的研究中,主要是關于催化劑的探索,研究發現,一系列的路易斯酸,比如BF3·OEt2[6-11,13],ZnX2(X=Cl,Br,I)[12],Zn(OTf)2[13],Sc(OTf)3[14],Bi(OTf)3[15]和Cu(OTf)2[16]都能應用于該反應。

2005年,Yadav等人[10]利用TBDPS取代的氮雜環丙烷,在BF3·OEt2催化下與氰基發生[3+2]環加成反應(式5)。

2011年,Wei等人[15]以Bi(OTf)3為催化劑,催化N-對甲苯磺?;s環丙烷和一系列腈類化合物之間的[3+2]環加成反應,得到相應的咪唑啉,如式6。該方法同樣適用于稠環芳烴氮雜環丙烷。

式5 BF3·OEt2催化氮雜環丙烷與氰基的反應

式6 Bi(OTf)3催化氮雜環丙烷與腈類化合物的反應

4 氮雜環丙烷與含羰基類化合物的反應

傳統的合成1,3-惡唑烷衍生物的方法都是從1,2-氨基醇和含羰基類化合物出發,在較高的溫度下進行。并且該方法對底物限制較大,同時副反應較多。因而越來越多的人開始對由路易斯酸催化氮雜環丙烷與含羰基化合物反應的研究產生了興趣。但到目前為止,對于催化該反應的路易斯酸催化劑報導還比較少,只有BF3·OEt2[10],Cu(OTf)2[16],Zn(OTf)2[13],Sc(OTf)3[17]和AgSbF6[18]。

叔丁基二苯基硅烷基取代的氮雜環丙烷在BF3·OEt2催化下,也可以與醛發生[3+2]環加成反應[10]。該反應在溫和的條件能快速進行,并且適用于芳香族和脂肪族醛,反應都有較高的收率,如式7。

式7 BF3·OEt2催化氮雜環丙烷與醛的反應

2009年,Nguyen等[17]以Sc(OTf)3為催化劑,將2-烷基-N-對甲苯磺?;s環丙烷與醛或者酮反應,得到了5-烷基-1,3-惡唑烷,如式8。

式8 Sc(OTf)3催化氮雜環丙烷與醛或酮的反應

2011年,Hanamoto等[18]開發了AgSbF6作為氮雜環丙烷與醛的[3+2]環加成反應催化劑,如式9。

式9 AgSbF6催化氮雜環丙烷與醛的反應

5 氮雜環丙烷與CO2的反應

惡唑酮作為經典的雜環化合物,廣泛應用于有機合成及具有生物活性化合物的合成上面。而過去十年,CO2作為碳源研究的快速發展,吸引了越來越多來自有機合成及化工行業的興趣。到目前為止,報導的催化體系有堿金屬鹵化物[19-24],四烷基季銨鹽鹵化物[20],DBN[33],碘[24-28],自然存在的氨基酸[29],Cr(III)/DMAP[30],氯氧化鋯[31],聚乙二醇修飾的季銨鹽[32],氨基酸修飾的聚苯乙烯[33],聚乙二醇修飾的季鹽[34]和離子液體[35-36]等。

2011年,Liu等[24]以DBN作催化劑,Li為助催化劑,成功合成了N-官能團化2-惡唑酮,并推測了如式10所示反應機理:首先DBN固定CO2,得到中間體a,再與氮雜環丙烷反應得到中間體b;然后在LiI催化下環打開,并經由分子內環化得到目標產物,并有較高的收率。

式10 DBN催化氮雜環丙烷與CO2的反應及其機理

2010年,Jiang等[29]也報道了在無溶劑、催化劑的條件下,通過天然的α-氨基酸催化將CO2成功插入到氮雜環丙烷中,如式11。對于這類反應,幾乎所有自然存在的α-氨基酸(例如,L-組氨酸)都是有效的催化劑。

式11α-氨基酸催化氮雜環丙烷與CO2的反應

2010年,He等[35]首次報道了在無溶劑下,Lewis堿的離子液體催化氮雜環丙烷與CO2的反應,合成5-芳基惡唑酮,如式12。

式12離子液體催化氮雜環丙烷與CO2的反應

2010年,Pinhas等[37]利用高速球磨技術(HSBM),在無溶劑和無催化劑條件下,在室溫條件下就能使2-烷基或2-芳基氮雜環丙烷與CO2發生環加成反應,如式13。

式13無溶劑條件下氮雜環丙烷與CO2的反應

6 氮雜環丙烷與雜聯烯類化合物的反應

2008年,Hou等[38]以三丁基膦為催化劑,催化N-對甲苯磺?;s環丙烷與二硫化碳及異硫氰酸酯的環加成反應,得到1,3-四氫噻唑衍生物,該化合物被廣泛應用于有機合成及藥物化學領域,如式14。

式14三丁基膦催化氮雜環丙烷與CS2或異硫氰酸酯的反應

2013年,Tharmalingam等[39]以水為溶劑,硝酸鐵為催化劑,催化氮雜環丙烷與異硫氰酸酯、異氰酸酯及異硒氰酸酯的環加成反應,如式15所示。

式15 Fe(NO3)3催化氮雜環丙烷與異硒氰酸酯的反應

7 結語

氮雜環丙烷參與的[3+2]環加成反應在合成含氮五元雜環化合物中具有重要作用。隨著人們對其研究的深入,開發了一系列催化劑并應用于該反應中,使其在有機合成、藥物和生物等領域的應用越來越廣泛。在今后的研究中,重點仍在開發出更多高效新型的催化劑,以在溫和的反應條件中進行,并且具有更廣的底物適用性。

[1]Liu P.Recent developments inregioselective ring opening of aziridines[J].Tetrahedron,2010,66:2549-2560.

[2]Dauban P,Malik G.Ein maskierter,aus Aziridinen freigesetzter 1,3-Dipol[J].Angew.Chem.2009,121(48),9188-9191;Dauban P,Malik G.A masked 1,3-dipole revealed from aziridines[J].Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2009,48:9026-9029.

[3]Yadav J S,Reddy B V S,Pandey S K.Scandium triflatecatalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of aziridines with alkenes[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2001,42:5399-5403.

[4]Lowe M A,Ostovar M,Aggarwal V K.Palladium-mediated annulation of vinyl aziridines with michael acceptors:stereocontrolled synthesis of substituted pyrrolidines and its application in a formal synthesis of(-)-alpha-Kainic acid [J].Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2011,50:6370-6374.

[5]Wender P A,Strand D.Cyclocarboamination of alkynes with aziridines:synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyrroles by a catalyzed Formal[3+2]cycloaddition[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc. 2009,131:7528-7529.

[6]Hiyama T,Koide H,Fujita S,Nozaki H.Reaction of N-alkoxycarbonylaziridines with nitriles[J].Tetrahedron 1973, 29:3137-3139.

[7]Legters J,Willems J,Thijs L,Zwanenburg B.Synthesis of functionalized amino-acids by ring-opening reactions of aliphatically substituted aziridine-2-carboxylic esters[J]. Recl.Trav.Chim.Pays-Bas 1992,111:59-68.

[8]Papa C,Tomasini C.Synthesis and ring opening of methyl 2-alkyl-3-(alkyl/aryl)-1-benzo ylaziridine-2-carboxylates:Synthesis of polysubstituted amino acids[J].Eur.J. Org.Chem.2000,2000:1569-1576.

[9]Prasad B A B,Pandey G,Singh V K.Synthesis of substituted imidazolines via[3+2]-cycloaddition of aziridines with nitriles[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2004,45:1137-1141.

[10]Yadav V K,Sriramurthy V.Silylmethyl-substituted aziridine and azetidine as masked 1,3-and 1,4-dipoles for formal[3+2]and[4+2]cycloaddition reactions[J].J.Am. Chem.Soc.2005,127:16366-16367.

[11]Concellon J M,Riego E,Suarez J R.Synthesis of enantiopureimidazolines through a ritter reaction of 2-(1-aminoalkyl)aziridines with nitriles[J].Org.Lett.2004,6: 4499-4501

[12]Ghorai M K,Kumar A,Ghosh K,An efficient route to regioselective opening of N-tosylaziridines with zinc(II)halides[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2005,46:4103-4106.

[13]Gandhi S,Bisai A,Singh V K.Studies on the reaction of aziridines with nitriles and carbonyls:Synthesis of imidazolines and oxazolidines[J].J.Org.Chem.2007,72:2133-2142. [14]Wu J,Sun X,Xia H G.Sc(OTf)(3)-catalyzed[3+2]-cycloaddition of aziridines with nitriles under solvent-free conditions[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2006,47:1509-1512.

[15]Li X,Yang X,Chang H.A new and efficient procedure for Bi(OTf)(3)-promoted[3+2]cycloaddition of N-tosylaziridines to yield imidazolines[J].Eur.J.Org.Chem. 2011:3122-3125.

[16]Ghorai M K,Das K,Ghosh K.Copper(II)triflate promoted cycloaddition of alpha-alkyl or aryl substituted N-tosylaziridines with nitriles:a highly efficient synthesis of substituted imidazolines[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2006,47:5399-5403.

[17]Kang S B,Miller A W,Nguyen S T.Sc(OTf)(3)-catalyzed condensation of 2-alkyl-N-tosylaziridine with aldehydes or ketones:an efficient synthesis of 5-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidines [J].Chem.Commun.2009:3928-3930.

[18]Maeda R,Ishibashi R,Hanamoto T.AgSbF6-promoted cycloaddition reaction of 2-trifluoromethyl-N-tosylaziridine with aldehydes[J].Org.Lett.2011,13:6240-6243.

[19]Hancock M T,Pinhas A R.A convenient and inexpensive conversion of an aziridine to an oxazolidinone[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2003,44:5457-5460.

[20]Sudo A,Koizumi E,Senda F,Endo T.Highly efficientchemical fixations of carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide by cycloaddition to aziridine under atmospheric pressure[J]. Tetrahedron Lett.2003,44:7889-7891.

[21]Sudo A,Senda F,Endo T.N-tosylaziridine,a new substrate for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide via ring expansion reaction under atmospheric pressure[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2004,45:1363-1365.

[22]Mu W H,Chasse G A,Fang D C.High level a initio exploration on the conversion of carbon dioxide into oxazolidinones:The mechanism and regioselectivity[J].J.Phys. Chem.A.2008,112:6708-6714.

[23]Phung C,Pinhas A R.The high yield and regioselective conversion of an unactivated aziridine to an oxazolidinone using carbon dioxide with ammonium iodide as the catalyst [J].Tetrahedron Lett.2010,51:4552-4554.

[24]Wu Y,Liu G.Organocatalyzed cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to aziridines[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2011,52:6450-6452.

[25]Shen Y M,Duan W L,Shi M.Chemical fixation of carbon dioxide co-catalyzed by a combination of Schiff bases or phenols and organic bases[J].Eur.J.Org.Chem.2004: 3080-3089.

[26]Soga K,Hosoda S,Ikeda S.A new synthetic route to 2-oxazolidones[J].J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.1976:617-617. [27]Kawanami H,Ikushima Y.Regioselectivity and selective enhancement of carbon dioxide fixation of 2-substituted aziridines to 2-oxazolidinones under supercritical conditions[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2002,43:3841-3844.

[28]Kawanami H,Ikushima Y.Effective ScCO2-ionic liquid reaction system based on symmetric aliphatic ammonium salts for the rapid CO2fixation with aziridine to 2-oxazolidinone[J].Chem.Lett.2005,34:60-61.

[29]Jiang H F,Ye J W,Huang L B.Naturally occurring alphaamino acid:a simple and inexpensive catalyst for the selective synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from CO2and aziridines under solvent-free conditions[J].Tetrahedron Lett.2010,51:928-932.

[30]Miller A W,Nguyen S T.(Salen)chromium(III)/DMAP: An efficient catalyst system for the selective synthesis of 5-substituted oxazolidinones from carbon dioxide and aziridines[J].Org.Lett.2004,6:2301-2304.

[31]Wu Y,Miao C X,Li W.Zirconyl chloride:an efficient recyclable catalyst for synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from aziridines and CO2under solvent-free conditions[J]. Tetrahedron.2009,65:6204-6210.

[32]Du Y,Wu Y,He L N.Quaternary ammonium bromide functionalized polyethylene glycol:A highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for selective synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from carbon dioxide and aziridines under solvent-free conditions[J].J.Org.Chem.2008,73:4709-4712. [33]Chaorong Q,Jinwu Y,Wei Z,Huanfeng J.Polystyrenesupported amino acids as efficient catalyst for chemical fixation of carbon dioxide[J].Adv.Synth.Catal.2010,352: 1925-1933.

[34]Watile R A,Bagal D B,Bhanage B M.Regioselective synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from carbon dioxide and aziridines using Br-Ph3+PPEG(600)P+Ph3Br-as an efficient,homogenous recyclable catalyst at ambient conditions.Tetrahedron Lett[J].2011,52:6383-6387.

[35]Yang Z Z,Peng S Y,He L N.Lewis basic ionic liquidscatalyzed synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from aziridines and CO2under solvent-free conditions[J].Green Chem.2010,12:1850-1854.

[36]Yang Z Z,He L N.He.Protic onium salts-catalyzed synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones from aziridines and CO2under mild conditions[J].Green Chem.2011,13:2351-2353 [37]Dou X Y,He Z Z,Wang J L,He L N.Catalyst-free process for the synthesis of 5-aryl-2-oxazolidinones via cycloaddition reaction of aziridines and carbon dioxide[J]. synlett.2010,14:2159-2163.

[38]Wu J Y,Luo Z B,Dai L X,Hou X L.Tributylphosphinecatalyzed cycloaddition of aziridines with carbon disulfide and isothiocyanate[J].J.Org.Chem.2008,73:9137-9139

[39]Mani S,Tharmalingam P.“On Water”:efficient iron-catalyzed cycloaddition of aziridines with heterocumulenes[J]. Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2013,52:572-575.

The Research Progress in the[3+2]Cycloaddition of Azirdines

REN Hong,HU Bao-Xiang
(College of Chemical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310014,China)

The research of the[3+2]cycloaddition of azirdines and compounds with double bond,for instance,alkene,alkyne,aldehyde and carbon dioxide,was reviewed.The developing prospects was also discussed.

azirdines;[3+2]cycloaddition;research progress

1006-4184(2015)1-0022-07

2014-04-16

國家自然科學基金資助項目(編號:20876149)。

任鴻(1989-),男,浙江東陽人,碩士研究生,主要從事有機合成研究。E-mail:renhong1004@163.com。

猜你喜歡
芳基雜環?;?/a>
Copper(II)-mediated cascade cyanomethylation of arylacrylamides to access cyano substituted quinoline-2,4-diones
手性磷酰胺類化合物不對稱催化合成α-芳基丙醇類化合物
Rapid synthesis and characterization of bridged (bis-, tri- and tetra-) aryl carboxylic acid derivatives at room temperature by ultrasonic irradiation
茶葉?;S酮類化合物研究進展
N-雜環化合物:從控制合成到天然物
熟肉制品中雜環胺的形成與抑制研究進展
太原理工大學學報(2019年2期)2019-03-13
1-(對甲苯基)-2-(三對甲苯基-5-亞磷?;?乙醛的汞(Ⅱ)配合物的X射線晶體學、光譜表征和理論計算研究
肉制品加工中雜環胺形成與抑制研究進展
(2E,4E)-N-(2-氨基乙基-5-(苯并[d][1,3][二氧雜環戊烯]-5基)戊-2,4-二烯酰胺的合成及其降血脂作用
91香蕉高清国产线观看免费-97夜夜澡人人爽人人喊a-99久久久无码国产精品9-国产亚洲日韩欧美综合